Essay example --

In life, people experience different situations and live different realities. It is not illogical to distinguish that the different journeys in life sometimes give us different ways of screening the world. This was evident upon a closer examination and analysis of Wu Chengens The Journey to the West, and Mary Shelly Frankenstein, where the two main characters of the book, a Monkey and a beast, each have a different way of viewing life. The monkey sees life as a journey that should be explored, while the creature has no way of exploring and sees life as something he cannot enjoy. In the end, what can be taken away from the works of literature is that no matter the journey taken, it is important to remember that unrivalleds subjectivity, strengthened on our experiences, determines reality.A journey in life begins once a child is born. Even from the very moment of birth, an individual is very easily influenced by the surrounding environment. Usually a great elevation means an ind ividual has a better outlook in life, while a bad upbringing has negative side effects on the individual. Nothing proves this case more than by looking at the Monkeys birth, compared to that of Frankensteins creation. The monkeys birth in The Journey to the West seems quiet unnatural in that he was born out of a stone that split in half. The creature in Frankenstein on the other hand was made by a human, Frankenstein himself. The key differences in the birth is not the fact that one was made by stone and the other was made by hand, the difference lies in the intend and care of the creator. The stone that the monkey was born out of was nourished for a enormous time by the seeds of heaven and Earth and by the essences of the sun and the moon, until quickened by divin... ...portant part of life when it comes to happiness, but it may not be the answer. The Monkey had bon ton and so he was able to focus on other tasks. The creature was so consumed by the idea of companionship because it was what he lacked. The bigger message to be learned from these novels is that one should seek out to find a feeling of happiness within themselves instead of looking for it from somewhere else. Had the creature perceived the dish in solidarity maybe he would not have been so vengeful. But alas, it is natural to want what one does not have. It is sometimes even fulfilling when one achieves something that one hoped to achieve. The most important thing learned here is that the key to happiness then is not something out of ones control. Although experiences sometimes are cloggy to control, action and a change in perception can make all the difference.

The Controversy of Standardized Testing Essays -- Standardized Testing

The Controversy of Standardized TestingNo issue in the U.S. grooming is more controversial than (standardized) testing. Some people view it as the linchpin of serious reform and improvement, others as a menace to quality teaching and encyclopedism (Phelps). A tool that educators lend oneself to learn about students and their learning capabilities is the standardized test. Standardized tests argon designed to give a common measure of a students functioning. Popular tests include the SAT, IQ tests, Regents Exams, and the ACT. Three kinds of standardized tests are used frequently in schools achievement, diagnostic, and aptitude (Woolfolk 550). Achievement tests can be used to help a instructor assess a students strengths and weaknesses in a particular subject. Diagnostic tests are typically abandoned to elementary school students when learning problems are suspected. Aptitude tests are designed to predict how a student will perform in the future. For example, the SAT predicts performance in the first year of college. Standardized tests give educators a standard measure or yardstick because such a large number of students crosswise the country take the same test. These tests are used to tell how well school programs are doing or to give a picture of the skills and abilities of students. Standardized tests however, are problematic at all ages and levels of schooling. Standardized aptitude tests measure students abilities to learn in school, how well they are likely to succeed in future education. quite a than measuring knowledge of subjects taught in school, these tests measure a broad range of abilities or skills that are considered important to succeed in school. The classroom setting and teacher are the key to assessment. Pressure to produce higher scores leads teachers to focus on material that will be covered by the tests and to exclude everything else. The political platform is thereby narrowed, which means that some subjects are ignored. Within those that are taught, lower order thinking skills are emphasized. As a result, test scores puddle inflated while real learning suffers (Phelps). Performance based assessment guarantees an increased understanding of the growth of individual child. Such understanding reduces the need for shortly used standardized tests.Standards for Education and Psychological Testing (American Psychological Association) states the ... ... tests are counterproductive. Meaning that instead of leading to stronger academic achievement, it is said to interfere with teaching and learning. Teachers should use test results to improve their instruction, not to justify lower expectations or to stereotype students.BibliographyWorks CitedAmerican Psychological Association. Standards for educational and Psychological Testing. Washington, D.C. American Psychological Association, 1985Goodwin, W.L., and Driscoll, L.A. handbook for Measurement and Evaluation in Education. San Fransisco Jossey-Bass, 1980Ph elps, R.P. Why Testing Experts Hate Testing. Fordham Report, Jan. 1999 Available online http//www.ed.excellence.net/library/phelps.htmSacks, P. Standardized Minds The High Price of Americas Testing coating and What we Can do to Change it. Cambridge, Mass. Perseus Books, Feb. 2000 Available online http//www.fairtest.org.k12/psacks.htmlWiseman, D.L., Cooner, D.D., and Knight, S.L. Becoming a Teacher in a Field-Based Setting an Introduction to Education and Classrooms. Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1999Woolfolk, A. Educational Psychology. Needham

Comparing Mentoring and Coaching Essays -- Business Management Studies

Comparing Mentoring and CoachingThere are some key differences between mentoring and coaching.Mentoring- is known as the transfer of wisdom and has a protg ormentee that takes an interest in their career path. The protg isguided and advised by the mentor who has worn the kindred shoes andtraveled the same path, usually someone older and wiser. The mentorguides, persuades, and encourages a person to reach their fullpotential in life, in a position in an face or in a career.Mentors who may be immediate superiors are helpful in career victimisations of the person, and in some cases guidance is providedby executives or managers higher up in the organization. The higherlevel superiors guide, advise, and encourage employees of a lesserrank in these situations.On the other hand coaching is more specific for teaching of skills tothe coachee or trainee. It is a transfer of skills and a one on onedevelopment of the trainees own knowledge and thought process. Italso emphasizes the developme nt of individual and team skills, andcreates a supportive environment which encourages and motivates thecoachee. Coaching is on a personal level and illustrates persistentlyuntil success is achieved. The personal qualities of the coachee are unquestionable and facilitated.GOOD MENTOR1) A mentor needs a level of experience to reach or achieve theindividual/teams intention and need to know what the mentee isexperiencing to have a level of mutual understanding between eachother. This allows a better level of measurement of the mentee asthey faecal matter comprehend the experience of the mentor which pass on buildconfidence performance levels for the mentee. For example, if amentee needs a mentors help in a crisis the mentee lead know thatthey have someone there to help and not feel uncomfortable orintimidated to ask for guidance or advice.2) Generally, a mentor is older and wiser than the mentee, and to be agood mentor means that they have the experience and knowledge to helpdevelo p the individual/teams skills. This represents the mentorsstatus or position in the organization. If the mentor seems tooyoung, the mentee may feel intimidated and feel unsuited to the wholementoring situation.3) A good mentor must be supportive to the individual/team throughthick and thin situations. A mentor that doesnt... ...o they can listen, understand and act toeach others input.- To be committed to the goal some(prenominal) the coach and coachee must remaindevoted to the goal so that success will be the result. Motivation isneeded in this situation to stay committed and focused on the task athand. The coach would stay committed to their teachings of theindividual or team, and the individual or team would stay committed tolearn from the coaches teachings.- Mutual respect is integral to the success of a coach as both partiesneed to respect each other to be successful in performance. Iftheres no respect, the coach will be negative towards the coachee,and the coachee will not want to listen to the coach so both partieswill be worse off. This will create a negative organizational acculturationand may even result in employee dissatisfaction. - Empathy when working with groups or teams is important to ensuresuccess in coaching. People need to be able to allude to each otherand work closer together to build a strong and close relationship inthe organization. Knowing how the other person feels active an issuewill result in a positive outcome and can resolve issues effectively.

Spanish Flus Impact on Childrens Education :: Journalism Media Studies Health Influenza Essays

Spanish Flus Impact on Childrens EducationThough initially there was no fear of this Spanish influenza during the summer months of this year, now it appears that it is quite a threat here in Southern California. Surgeon-General Rupert Blue of the Public Health Service who new-fashionedly commented, that the pandemic of 1893 which swept a large part of Europe and this verdant was caused by a very minute bacterium commonly called Pfeiffer bacillus supported the origins of this questionably new influenza. Despite the fact that Spanish doctors ar vehement in their denial that the disease, which we are aware has already taken its toll in our country and throughout the world, originated in Spain, a virulent strain of influenza is definitely here in Southern California. Either way, the disease was obviously brought to the United States by soldiers who have contracted influenza while battling the evil enemy. Despite the origin of this influenza, our countrys health is of the utmost co ncern because it is definitely worse than the common cold, yet non as severe as other illnesses such as pneumonia and pleurisy. Influenza is characterized by rapid onset an individual can be struck poorly ill in the matter of a day if not hours. As well, this strain of influenza is distinguished by a high fever, reaching as high 104 degrees Fahrenheit. A victim will also typically experience headache, selective abdominal problems, as well as many other symptoms. Basically, this is not an illness that one would choose to contract. The severity of this occurrence of influenza is most evident with our young folk who have become quite susceptible to this recent epidemic. Yet, people of all ages, genders and social standings are prone to the illness. No one is safe, unlike the initial reports produced by the climb on of Health, which suggested that Americans were impervious to the Spanish influenza. In fact, schools were closed in(p) for the first time in October as was reporte d by the Los Angeles Time on October 11 At a special meeting this evening Pasadena Board of Education decided to close all of the public schools indefinitely beginning Tuesday morning. This includes the night High School as well as the day schools. Schools are closed as a precaution against influenza. As reported yesterday, the schools were once again shut down due to the influenza.

Male Pattern Baldness :: essays research papers

Male Pattern BaldnessAndrogenic alopecia or male embodiment baldness is a typical pattern of haircloth sacking in men, which is for the most part caused by a single dominant autosomal gene. different factors include the male hormone androgen, age, and genetic predisposition. Each month the scalp hair grows at an average rate of half an inch. Every hair has an try lifetime of four to seven years, which after this it falls out and is replaced by a new hair. For the most part, 15% of hair is growing, while the 85% of the hair rest. This wide spread disease effects about 2/3 of the worlds male population at some point or another. Generally, hair loss begins to start around the age of 30 at the temples. Never the less, the condition is more of a psychological problem than a medical.The condition androgenic alopecia is the root of the androgen on the hair follicles that have genetic receptor sites, in other words male pattern baldness is resulted by the presence of endocrine hormon es (like testosterone) on the hair follicle (which is where the hair is produced) that have genetic receptor sites. Male pattern baldness usually is a symmetrical disease, so if there is a non-symmetrical area of baldness, it is not the cause of androgenic alopecia. The typical pattern begins of occur at the hairline, then over time forms an &8220M. The crown also begins to become thinner, as does the existing hair. Eventually, the &8220m meets the thinned crown and forms the most common bald shape, the horseshoe.Currently, there are no treatments for male pattern baldness, so the condition is permanent.

management :: essays research papers

IntroductionThe report is ab come out Teenstuff Magazine. The clip was established 9years ago in Egypt by Manal El Mahdy to calculate teenagers in uplifted school and university. Later on the magazine became more tailored to the high school youth. The purpose of the report is to analyze the centering of this musical arrangement through review of its outer and internal purlieu, mission statement and SWOT analysis. Interviews were carried out with the assistant marketing autobus Sandra Adel and the distribution manager Yasser Hashem. Aside from the print magazine there is an online one and another Arabic magazine Kelmetna.II-Body1)External environmenta)GeneralFrom the general environment in the external environment the economic and political dimension are considered to be the most two influential dimensions on the organization. The economic dimension affects a lot of determination in the organization including day to day business especially that the economy in Egypt is unstab le. For example when the Egyptian pound was floated and the price of the dollar increased the cost of printing in the magazine increased and the price had to be increased like wise which had a huge effect on the overall organization and customers. Secondly, the effect of political dimension is manifested in the censorship practiced. When, the country is in state of chaos and mental unsoundness censorship increases. The international dimension doesnt down a very influential effect because the magazines market is mainly Egypt and the online version that aims to target Arabs outside Egypt is new too. There is no absorb from the socio-cultural dimension since the magazine whether content or appearance is highly adaptable to changes in the society. As for the technological dimension, the magazine benefits hugely of course from new developments as long as, its costs is reasonable and affordable by the magazine. For example the editors and anatomyers use Apple computers and special pr ograms for the layout and design of the magazine. b)Task The magazine is considered a category attractor since its the first English youth targeting magazine in Egypt and till this moment there is no real direct competition. There is an indirect competition from other magazines such as campus and g-mag. There is only one supplier with whom the magazine deals with SAHARA printing press. The magazine has a certain quality which only 2 printing press houses in Egypt can achieve, they left IBH because of problems that has to do with the paper binding and deadlines.management essays research papers IntroductionThe report is about Teenstuff Magazine. The magazine was established 9years ago in Egypt by Manal El Mahdy to target teenagers in high school and university. Later on the magazine became more tailored to the high school youth. The purpose of the report is to analyze the management of this organization through review of its external and internal environment, mission statement a nd SWOT analysis. Interviews were carried out with the assistant marketing manager Sandra Adel and the distribution manager Yasser Hashem. Aside from the print magazine there is an online one and another Arabic magazine Kelmetna.II-Body1)External environmenta)GeneralFrom the general environment in the external environment the economic and political dimension are considered to be the most two influential dimensions on the organization. The economic dimension affects a lot of decision in the organization including day to day business especially that the economy in Egypt is unstable. For example when the Egyptian pound was floated and the price of the dollar increased the costs of printing in the magazine increased and the price had to be increased like wise which had a huge effect on the overall organization and customers. Secondly, the effect of political dimension is manifested in the censorship practiced. When, the country is in state of chaos and instability censorship increases. The international dimension doesnt have a very influential effect because the magazines market is mainly Egypt and the online version that aims to target Arabs outside Egypt is new too. There is no worry from the socio-cultural dimension since the magazine whether content or appearance is highly adaptable to changes in the society. As for the technological dimension, the magazine benefits hugely of course from new developments as long as, its costs is reasonable and affordable by the magazine. For example the editors and designers use Apple computers and special programs for the layout and design of the magazine. b)Task The magazine is considered a category leader since its the first English youth targeting magazine in Egypt and till this moment there is no real direct competition. There is an indirect competition from other magazines such as campus and g-mag. There is only one supplier with whom the magazine deals with SAHARA printing press. The magazine has a certain quality which only 2 printing press houses in Egypt can achieve, they left IBH because of problems that has to do with the paper binding and deadlines.

management :: essays research papers

IntroductionThe report is ab divulge Teenstuff Magazine. The snip was established 9years ago in Egypt by Manal El Mahdy to position teenagers in broad(prenominal) school and university. Later on the time became more tailored to the high school youth. The purpose of the report is to analyze the instruction of this establishment through review of its outside and internal environs, mission statement and SWOT analysis. Interviews were carried out with the assistant marketing music director Sandra Adel and the distribution manager Yasser Hashem. Aside from the print magazine there is an online one and another Arabic magazine Kelmetna.II-Body1)External environmenta)GeneralFrom the general environment in the external environment the economic and political dimension are considered to be the most two influential dimensions on the organization. The economic dimension affects a lot of ratiocination in the organization including day to day business especially that the economy in Egypt is unstable. For example when the Egyptian pound was floated and the price of the dollar increased the be of printing in the magazine increased and the price had to be increased like wise which had a huge effect on the overall organization and customers. Secondly, the effect of political dimension is manifested in the censorship practiced. When, the country is in state of chaos and imbalance censorship increases. The international dimension doesnt construct a very influential effect because the magazines market is mainly Egypt and the online version that aims to target Arabs outside Egypt is new too. There is no irritate from the socio-cultural dimension since the magazine whether content or appearance is highly adaptable to changes in the society. As for the proficient dimension, the magazine benefits hugely of course from new developments as long as, its costs is reasonable and affordable by the magazine. For example the editors and normalers use Apple computers and special programs for the layout and design of the magazine. b)Task The magazine is considered a category drawing card since its the first English youth targeting magazine in Egypt and till this moment there is no real direct contest. There is an indirect competition from other magazines such as campus and g-mag. There is only one supplier with whom the magazine deals with SAHARA printing press. The magazine has a certain quality which only 2 printing press houses in Egypt can achieve, they left IBH because of problems that has to do with the paper binding and deadlines.management essays research papers IntroductionThe report is about Teenstuff Magazine. The magazine was established 9years ago in Egypt by Manal El Mahdy to target teenagers in high school and university. Later on the magazine became more tailored to the high school youth. The purpose of the report is to analyze the management of this organization through review of its external and internal environment, mission statement a nd SWOT analysis. Interviews were carried out with the assistant marketing manager Sandra Adel and the distribution manager Yasser Hashem. Aside from the print magazine there is an online one and another Arabic magazine Kelmetna.II-Body1)External environmenta)GeneralFrom the general environment in the external environment the economic and political dimension are considered to be the most two influential dimensions on the organization. The economic dimension affects a lot of decision in the organization including day to day business especially that the economy in Egypt is unstable. For example when the Egyptian pound was floated and the price of the dollar increased the costs of printing in the magazine increased and the price had to be increased like wise which had a huge effect on the overall organization and customers. Secondly, the effect of political dimension is manifested in the censorship practiced. When, the country is in state of chaos and instability censorship increases. The international dimension doesnt have a very influential effect because the magazines market is mainly Egypt and the online version that aims to target Arabs outside Egypt is new too. There is no worry from the socio-cultural dimension since the magazine whether content or appearance is highly adaptable to changes in the society. As for the technological dimension, the magazine benefits hugely of course from new developments as long as, its costs is reasonable and affordable by the magazine. For example the editors and designers use Apple computers and special programs for the layout and design of the magazine. b)Task The magazine is considered a category leader since its the first English youth targeting magazine in Egypt and till this moment there is no real direct competition. There is an indirect competition from other magazines such as campus and g-mag. There is only one supplier with whom the magazine deals with SAHARA printing press. The magazine has a certain quality which only 2 printing press houses in Egypt can achieve, they left IBH because of problems that has to do with the paper binding and deadlines.

Laws and Rules of the Road Essay

Create a car saying (Bumper Sticker) or a roadway Sign (Billboard) that would describe one main point you learned in Module 5. This is an example of a bumper vertebral column from a former student effort the right speed is always a good deed. Enjoy your ride and dont collide1. What would yours say? When you speed it causes more hits so bring forward always be safe and wear a seat belt.2. How would it look? It would be a billboard and it would have a picture of a had collision that happened because of speeding3. Now, write at least one paragraph (5 sentences or more) which explains why you thought this would make a great bumper sticker or billboard, and how it summarizes the randomness you learned in Module Five. Remember to use complete sentence answers and proper spelling and grammar. I thought this would make a good bumper sticker because most collisions are caused because of speeding and people should not take advantage of the roads. This bumper sticker summarizes what I lea rned in staff 5. That is because In this module I learned about driver licenses and what you need to do if you are new to the state or if you are a new comer. Also in this module I learned that excessive speeding is the cause of many collisions.Module 6 Effects of Alcohol and Drugs Some day you might find yourself in a dangerous driving situation because of drugs, alcohol, or extreme drowsiness due to medication. Talk to a parent or guardian about what they would same(p) for you to do if you find yourself in this situation. Answer the following questions in one or more complete sentences.1. Explain three ways you can make grow home safely, without getting behind the wheel, if there are drugs or alcohol in your system. A. bode a friend B. Call a political hack C. Call a parent or relative2. Explain three ways you can get home safely if the friend you rode with has drugs or alcohol in his system and you prevent him from getting behind the wheel. A. You can drive B. Call a taxi C. Tell your parents to pick you up3. What would your parent/guardian necessity you to do? They would want me to contact them and tell them I need a ride home.4. Look up and list the number of a local taxi or car service in your community. Include the company name and telephone number.

Aqa as Philosophy Revision Notes †Reason and Experience Essay

Knowledge and Belief People goat believe things that argonnt squargon(a). For you to make out something, it must(prenominal) be true and you must believe it. Beliefs croup be true or out of true. Beliefs empennage accident ally be true, but it isnt companionship. Types of Knowledge Analytic true by explanation Squares have 4 sides. Synthetic not analytic, true or false in the way the word is Ripe tomatoes are red. A priori doesnt require sense puzzle to know all bachelors are unmarried. A posteriori croupe be established through sense welcome Snow is white. whole Analytic propositions are known a priori.This doesnt spurious that all a priori propositions are analytic. The main question is atomic number 18 all synthetic propositions a posteriori? i. e do we have some knowledge that doesnt come from sense have it away? It is this question that forms the debate in the midst of keen-wittedism and empiricism. Rationalism vs. luridness Main dividing que stions are What are the sources of knowledge? , How do we acquire it? , How do we get concepts? . Rationalism transmits an important role to reason. Empiricism gives an important role to the senses. Why mucklet we use both in acquiring knowledge? Rationalism. Rationalism deed of conveyances that we can have synthetic a priori knowledge of the external world. Empiricism denies this. Rationalists argue that its possible for us to know some synthetic propositions just about the world outside our own estimates, e. g. maths and morality. Empiricists argue that it is not. Both rationalists and empiricists accept that we naturally have genuine thoughts and feelings inside our minds. Empiricism An advantage of empiricism is that it allows us to quickly see how we ascertain our knowledge through our senses by perceiving how the world is, which is a causal process it requires no mental reason. Empiricists samely claim that this is how we acquire our concepts through our sen ses. Once we understand the acquired concepts, we stool analytic knowledge. If we have knowledge that doesnt come from sense experience how do we get this knowledge? Rationalists argue that we either gain this knowledge from rational intuition or insight, which allows us to gain this knowledge intellectually, or we just know these truths naturally as part of our rational nature. Rationalists may also argue that some, or even all of our concepts are innate of come from rational insight. Do All Ideas Derive From Sense Experience?John Locke judgement as a Tabula Rasa Locke argues that all images derive from sense experience. He verbalises that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa a blank slate that gets filled up with ideas from the senses. He refutes the claim of innate ideas. Ideas can either be part of a proposition He had the idea that it would be fun to take the twenty-four hours off or they can be concepts the idea of yellow. Locke says that all our concepts derive f rom sense experience, and that we have no knowledge prior to sense experience. From Lockes definition of innate idea, it follows that every star with a mind should have the same ideas.However, there is no truth that every person (including sight lacking reasoning skills) can assent and agree to. So perhaps, with Lockes definition, innate ideas are ones that we known as soon as we gain the use of reason. Locke refutes this, saying that we arent lacking reason but the knowledge of ideas. For typeface, a child cant know that 4 + 5 = 9 until the child can seem up to 9 and has the idea of equality. It is the same thing as knowing that an apple is not a stick its not a festering of reason, just the gaining of knowledge of ideas.So therefore, if we must first acquire the concepts involved (through sense experience), the proposition cannot be innate, as no proposition is innate unless the concepts employ are innate. Locke argues that the mind has no concepts from birth, and so no trut hs or concepts can be innate. A Different definition of innate idea Lockes definition and argument against innate ideas hasnt been criticized People who believe in innate ideas dont accept Lockes definition Nativists maintain the view that innate ideas are those which cannot be gained from experience Nativists tend to argue on how concepts or knowledge cant be acquired from sense experience Because we dont know all concepts from birth, there is some point when we become aware of our concepts Rationalists argue that experience triggers our awareness of our innate concepts. Experience as a part Children begin to use certain ideas at certain time, and their capacities burgeon forth, so why cant their concepts and knowledge also develop? Children begin to use certain ideas at certain times Experience still plays a role a child must be exposed to the relevant stimuli for the knowledge to emerge, e. g.language. An idea is innate if it cannot be derived or justified by sense exp erience. Empiricists on Arguing Concepts John Locke 1. The senses let in ideas 2. These ideas furnish an empty cabinet 3. The mind grows familiar with these ideas and theyre lodged in ones memory 4. The mind then abstracts them, and learns general names for them 5. The mind then has ideas and the language by which it can describe them However, what does it mean to let in ideas? We contrast ideas with sensations, e. g. the sensation of yellow isnt the same as the concept of yellow Locke fails to make this distinction David Hume Hume believes that we are directly aware of perceptions Perceptions are then divided into mental pictures and ideas Both Locke and Hume divide impressions into impressions of sensation and impressions of reflection Impressions of sensation come from our sense data and that which we directly embrace Impressions of reflection derive from the experience of our mind, such as feeling emotions. Hume says that ideas are faint copies of impressions Therefor e, there are ideas of sensation (e. g. the idea of red) and ideas of reflection (e. g. the feeling of sadness, happiness) Concepts are a type of idea. Humes theory of how we acquire ideas (from copying them from impressions) is a theory of how we acquire concepts) Locke and Hume both have slightly contrastive versions of how we acquire ideas with which we can think We start with experiences of the physical world which we get from sense data and experiences of our mind For Locke, this gives us ideas once we employ our memory to reflect on these experiences agree to Locke, this makes it sound that the remembered experiences are the ideas with which we think Hume corrects this, and says that we remember and think with the copies of the sensory impressions.Simple and complex concepts A complex idea is just an idea made up of several different ideas, e. g. a complex idea (a dog) is made up of simple ideas like shape, colour and smell. This complex idea has a complex impression We can therefore form complex ideas by abstraction. As an objection, rationalism raises the question of where do non-empirical ideas come from? Empiricism is appealing, as we seem to intuitively institutionalise our senses and it easily answers such questions. However, there are complex ideas that correspond to nothing from our sense experience, e. g. unicorns or God. So do all ideas derive from sense experience? Empiricists argue that these complex ideas are made up from simple ideas, which are copies of impressions (e. g. a unicorn is the simple concepts of a horse, a horn, and the colour white, and combined together they give us a unicorn) Hume and Locke argue that when creating complex ideas, one can just work with the materials that our impressions provide simple ideas Complex ideas are no more than take prisonerfast or abstracting these simple ideas Therefore, empiricists answer this rationalist objection So Are There Innate Concepts? What would an empiricists ana lysis of complex concepts like self, causality, substance, etc.be? These concepts must either be innate, or reached using a priori reasoning Hume accepts that these complex concepts cannot be derived from experience However, he states that each of these concepts has no application These concepts are separated, and we should always use concepts that can be derived from experience For example, we dont experience our self, we experience a changing array of thoughts and feelings. To come up with the idea of self, weve confused similarity with identity We do the same with the idea of a physical object A physical object exists independently of experience, existing in 3d space. But can experience show us something that exists independently of experience? If I look at a desk, look away, and then look backwards again, the desk must have existed when I wasnt looking at it. I cant know that my experience was of the same desk, only that the experiences are similar When coming up wi th the concept of a physical object that exists independently of experience, I confuse similarity with identity. Hume concludes that these concepts are incoherent confusions This can be objected though This makes most of our common-sense understand and analysis of theworld incorrect we know that our concepts are coherent. Empiricism now seems to challenging to accept, as it makes our concepts illusory. The fact that we cannot derive the said(prenominal) from experience shows that they are innate Empiricists therefore have a flawed argument explaining our most abstract concepts is an argument that these concepts are not derived from experience. Does this therefore mean that theyre innate or arrived at through rational intuition? One reason to think theyre innate is that children use these concepts before they develop rational intuition. Rationalists therefore argue that experience is the trigger for the concept Does all knowledge about what exists rest on sense experience? Humes sort out We can have knowledge of two sorts of things Relations between ideas, and matters of fact Relations of ideas are propositions like all sons have fathers Hume argue that all a priori knowledge must be analytic, and all knowledge of synthetic propositions must be a posteriori Anything that is not true by definition (matters of fact) must be learned through the senses Humes matters of fact are essentially analytic truths.Matters of Fact Hume says that the foundation of knowledge of matters of fact is what we experience here and now, or what we can remember All our knowledge that goes beyond the aforementioned rests on casual inference For example, if I receive a letter from a recall dose with a French postcard on it, Ill believe that my friend is in France. I know this because I infer from post mark to lieu I think that where something is posted causes it to have a postmark from that place. If the letter was posted by my friend, I believe that he is in Fran ce. I know this because I rely on past experiences. I dont work out what causes what by thinking about it It is only our experience of cause and causes that brings us to infer what cause has what effect. Hume denies that this is proof He says that knowledge of matters of fact, beyond what were experience here and now relies on induction and reasoning about probability. Induction and Deduction The terms relate to a type of argument Inductive is where the ending is not logically entailed by its premises, but supported by them If the premises are true, the conclusion is likely to be true. The French letter example is an example of inductive reasoning. A Deductive argument is an argument whose conclusion is logically entailed by its premises If the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false E. g. Premise 1 Socrates is a man Premise 2 All men are mortal Conclusion Socrates is mortal. Using a priori intuition and demonstration to establish claims of what exists Rationa lists argue against Hume, saying that some claims about what exists can be grounded on a priori intuition. A priori demonstration, or deduction, is deduction that uses a priori premises Rational intuition is the view that you can discover the truth of a claim by thinking about itDescartes Descartes says that we can establish the existence of the mind, the physical world and God through a priori reasoning. He attacks sense experience, and how they can rat us We cant tell if were being deceived by an evil demon through our senses, as what we are experiencing will be false We can establish that we think, and therefore we exist, even if our senses do deceive us (as we dont need our senses to know our mind exists) This conclusion of thinking and unbelieving that we exist was gotten to by pure reasoning. He also establishes that the mind can exist from the body. Descartes says we dont know what causes these experiences It could be an evil demon, God, or the physics world exists e xactly how we perceive it. If it was God, it would mean he was a deceiver as we have a very strong tendency to trust our senses If it was a demon, God must have created this demon to deceive us, and because God is perfect by definition, this would mean God isnt a deceiver, and so he cant have made a demon so there must be some kind of a real world by dint of a priori intuition and reasoning, Descartes says that the external world must exist, because God exists, and he would not deceive us.Conceptual Schemes and Their Philosophical Implications Humans dont all have the same concepts There are two distinguishable elements to our experience the data of the senses, and how this datas interpreted by our concepts By the latter, it implies that different people would impose different conceptual scheme if they have different concepts. Conceptual relativism claims that because our conceptual scheme affect how people experience and understand reality, people with different conceptual schemes have different realities. An Implication Conceptual relativism. We assume people have different realities because we cant translate their to ours It assumes language constructs reality to say reality is relative to our conceptual schemes It would mean that reality is dependant on language, which isnt true we express our realities by language A proposition in one conceptual scheme can be true without needing to be express in another set of scheme. This means that there isnt one set of scheme with how the world works An objection is that people argue that the relation between experience anc conceptual schemes doesnt make sense. Benjamin Whorf says that languages fancy up our experience of the world This is like trying to organize a wardrobe itself and not the clothes in it If a conceptual scheme organizes our experience, then our experience must be comprised of individualistic experiences Conceptual scheme all have a set of experiences in common We can pick out in dividual experiences like smelling a flower, feeling cold, etc. Any conceptual scheme with these sorts of experiences will end up similar to our own, despite the concepts one hold and their language, and so translation between two different conceptual schemes will be possible. There may be small parts that cant be translated, but this only leads to a very mild form of conceptual relativism. We cant necessarily combine conceptual scheme An example is that we can have more or less colours in our vocabulary, and so can describe things in different ways. The Greeks thought that there was only one colour bronze, and that everything else was a different shade of bronze. This doesnt mean they saw everything in what we call bronze, its just how they described their experiences. We can therefore only state things depending on the concepts we have.

Environmental Studies Essays – Global Warming

Cautions world-wide HeatingThe air quality of our atmospheric state has been in drastic revises in the past century. Industrial revolution has cause major injury to our milieu. Pollution, dumping toxic wastes into our ocean, and let go ofing harmful gases and sprays into the ambiance. These be well-nigh of the cause of worldwide warming so unsafe in the universe s environment. We should exact more action towards mobile heating before it s to a fault late.What is globular warming? Global warming refers to an wet addition in the earthly concern s temperature, which in bend causes alterations in mood ( Global ) . Population growing, deforestation, and pollution select cast upd by a big border from 20, 40, or veritable(a) a hundred old ages ago. Since the Industrial Revolution, machines have changed the manner life we lived. Before the Industrial Revolution, human activity quitd in truth few gases into the ambiance, but now through population growing, fossil fuel combus tion, and deforestation, we argon impacting the mixture of gases in the ambiance ( Global ) . It is imperative that we, the people, take action on our deceasing environment, for the hereafter of our childs and coevalss to come. Unless stairss be taken to halt this patterned advance of tied(p)ts, and even in malice of such stairss, the huge bulk of the grounds shows that the Earth will go on to turn heater, with widespread and even ruinous consequences.How did we run across out what was the cause of planetary heating? After making some research, I learned that planetary heating is created by the nursery consequenceThe nursery consequence is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the ambiance ( H2O vapour, C dioxide, azotic oxide, and methane, for illustration ) trap zip from the Sun. Without these gases, heat would cut away back into infinite and Earth s mean temperature would be about 60 F colder. Because of how they warm our universe, t hese gases are referred to as nursery gases ( Global ) .Make you cognize what a nursery is? Have you of all time seen houses with a little screwball house in the backyard merely for workss? Well these glass houses besides known as a nursery. They are meant for workss to last through the winter clip by pin downing heat within the house. Since, Earth s ambiance is really much like the nursery theoretical account, energy from the Sun passes through our ambiance where energy is absorbed by the air, H2O, and workss. in one case absorbed, the energy so releases itself back into the ambiance and so releases into infinite. Without the nursery consequence, our clime could be black because the ambiance regulates our clime. It could raise or take down the temperatures, misbalancing nature. raze though the nursery consequence is good for the environment, it could besides be bad. Since the ambiance is filled with pollution, the energy re-releasing back into infinite sometimes gets trapped by t he ambiance and warms up the Earth s clime.Pollution is one of the largest jobs in today s environment. By breathing harmful gases such as C dioxide which are chiefly released from autos and fountain workss, harmful gases will ca-ca up into the ambiance. The harmful effects of gas build up in the ambiance and dirty dog increase the temperature of the Earth which could jeopardize workss, cause wild conditions forms, or alter field formations ( Global ) . There are many ways to increase the effects of planetary heating such as taint, wastes, or deforestation.One of the largest manufacturers of pollution is power workss. Harmonizing to the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) , turning on the telecasting, utilizing the washer/dryer, or even turning on a visible radiation can assist take to more nursery gases since they use electricity which originate from power workss. The exhausts of power workss are created from the combustion of dodo fuels which are released into the ambiance . What is fossil fuel? Harmonizing to the Greenhouse Effect article, fossil fuel originated from workss. Plants take C dioxide from the air. When the works dies, the remains are buried in the dirt. After 1000s and 1000s of old ages, the C dioxide is transformed into a coal or oil which is fossil fuel. The General Accounting Office scene forecasts a 42 per centum rush in electricity production over the next two decennaries that will hike U.S. power workss C dioxide emanations by 35 per centum and quicksilver emanations by 9 per centum ( Eaton ) . Since the population of the universe is turning each twenty-four hours people are traveling to utilize more power which would do more fossil fuels being burned up and more power workss being built to suit the rate of the population.Even though there are no innovations to do fossil fuel exhausts to be more friendl to the environment, there are other options to cut back on firing fossil fuels. By conserving power, we can cut back on elect ricity which could assist by firing less fossil fuel. Part of the job could be solved by change overing these workss to fire cleaner natural gas ( Overview ) . There are other options to bring forth energy that do nt come from power workss such as solar and weave energy. Solar energy is known to utilize solar panels to garner energy from a heat beginning such as the Sun. This energy is gathered and stored in a level panel where it is stored until the energy is consumed. Unlike Solar energy, there is another manner to garner energy from our environment. Wind-power energy gathers energy from the air current. Have you of all time driven in the main road and seen these big white fans on the top of a cumulus? Well, those fans are wind conservers. They act the resembling as solar but by the air current. The sum of energy additions depending on the velocity of the air current. In other words, the faster it goes, the more energy is gathered. Technological progresss have brought the cost o f electricity generated by the air current down by 82 per centum since 1981 ( Overview ) .Today, the mean individual normally drives himself/herself to work, go, traveling or dropping person away at school, yet do they cognize how much injury it can do merely to make an errand? With 1000000s of autos goaded each twenty-four hours, many harmful toxins are released from the autos exhaust. The sum of gases released can do harmful effects to the environment and to wellness. same(p) power workss, autos are merely little versions of power workss, but with so many of them being driven, it could be worse than power workss. The exhausts of these autos can take to take a breathing jobs chiefly for older people since their lungs are normally weaker.Organophosphate insect powders, such as diazinon, disulfoton, azinphos-methyl, and fonofos, are used widely in factory farm and in family applications as pesticides. Over 25,000 trade names of pesticides are available in the United States, and the ir utilisation is monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) . The release of the pesticide can do kids or people, if inhaled, to do malfunctions in their immune system because it mutants their cells.To assist the environment, engineering can be really helpful in fall the nursery consequence that is blighting our environment. While there is no engineering to take C02 from a auto s fumes, we can do them foul less by doing them more fuel efficient ( Overview ) . Making autos that are fuel efficient can cut back on fuels being used by autos. crossbred autos ( Gas/Electric Cars ) are being created that Lashkar-e-Taiba you go over 800 stat mis before a fill up for fuel. Newer engineering is leting autos to run further by utilizing less gas by strikeing the engine between electricity and gas. If we are to do any advancement in decelerating planetary heating, we must do our autos go further on a gallon of gas ( Overview ) .Wastes are another big job in our environment and a helper of planetary heating. Sometimes anti-environmental groups shit wastes into lakes and oceans where they could pollute an country and misbalance the ecosystem. This can do a job because wastes could let go of risky stuffs that could be radioactive or really harmful that can do people to be ill. Yet, do the people know what the consequence of this waste can do make to the environment? As a Norman Myers said, if we do nt watch what we do with our resources and what we do to our environment, our resources will shortly be depleted which will do a immense splutter throughout the universe.Make you cognize where your meth is being dumped everyday? If you say in a landfill, you are right. A landfill is where your rubbish is processed and compacted and stored. Yet what does the construct up of landfill have to make with planetary heating? The rubbish that we send to landfills produces a nursery gas called methane. It is a merchandise of decomposition of organic bout and of the car bonisation of coal. Methane is one of the nursery gas chemical compounds. Methane is besides produced by the animate beings we raise for dairy and meat merchandises and when we take coal out of the land ( Global ) .Like power workss and autos, rubbish can be really risky in the physique up of the nursery consequence. Since rubbish and wastes are getting overcrowded in landfills it could take to problem in the close hereafter. Runing out of room to hive away our wastes, there are ways of shortening the burden of rubbish by recycling. Recycling is the procedure of recycling waste to do new stuff. Even though the public thinks recycling is good, it can besides be bad.The usage of gutter droppings as a fertiliser poses a more important lead menace to the land than did the usage of leaded gasolene. All sewerage sludges contain elevated concentrations of lead collectible to the nature of the intervention procedure Lead is a extremely toxic and cumulative ( Stauber 108 ) .Recycling was tes to make fertiliser on workss can harm husbandmans and ruin agribusiness. The stuff in these wastes is really harmful because it could be contaminated with unnatural substances. Land spreading of sewerage sludge is non a true government method, but instead serves merely to reassign the pollutants in the sludge from the intervention works to the dirt, air and land H2O of the disposal site ( Stauber 109 ) .Destroying nature can besides shorten the life span of the Earth. Deforestation, the procedure of keen down trees could upset the ecosystem or the environment. Harmonizing to the EPA, The projected 2C ( 3.6F ) heating could switch the ideal scope for many North American wood species by about 300 kilometers ( 200 myocardial infarction. ) to the North ( EPA ) . Since trees remove C dioxide from the air, cutting down the trees would merely ensue in clime alterations. If the clime alterations easy plenty, warmer temperatures may enable the trees to colonise north into countries t hat are presently excessively cold, at about the same rate as southern countries became excessively hot and dry for the species to last ( EPA ) . Due to deforestation and planetary heating, the displacement of clime alteration dries up the dirt which would be impossible to turn anything. This is how comeuppances are created. The per centum of the universe s workss threatened with extinction is much larger than normally believed, and could be every bit high as 47 per centum if tropical species are included, research workers said ( Study ) .How can we assist halt the people who are cutting down the trees? By making the antonym, seting trees would assist the environment since it removes C dioxide, a nursery gas. At the rate of seting one tree is about the same rate of 1000s of trees being cut down. Regulating tree cutting companies would decelerate down the procedure of deforestation but it is still a job because wood is really high in demand for lodging and building.How is nature kee ping up against planetary heating? The effects of planetary heating have undo 1000s of places by inundations, created new diseases, and have left 100s homeless to the violent disorder of awkward conditions forms. Global warming effects do non merely alter the temperatures they can take to the alteration of conditions forms and the rise of sea degrees. Lay waste toing floodsjust some of 526 important natural catastrophes in the first nine months of the yearripped through parts of Europe, China, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh this twelvemonth, cleanup spot 1000s of people and go forthing 1000000s more homeless. Even though some states might set out positive effects such as helping against drouths, other states would acquire effects from planetary heating ( UN ) .The alteration of conditions forms can be really black to nature and the sea since it alters the ecosystem. By altering the ecosystem, animate beings and flora are pushed out of their home ground and into a different locatio n. Wild life is nt able to accommodate to the new environment easy because they would nt cognize where to garner nutrient or struggles with other species. Weather forms can make tsunamis ( big tidal moving ridges ) which would crash into coastal parts making erodings.Sea degrees are lifting due to the rise of temperature due to planetary heating. Sea degree may lift between several inches and every bit much as 3 pess during the following century ( EPA ) . Due to the thaw of glaciers, H2O is lifting from the ocean which is saltwater and it can distribute or deluge inland endangering workss and animate beings.If we do non assist the environment now, our planet wo nt be in the close hereafter. It is of import that the people understand that harming the planet to a grade can do the extinction of the Earth. Rise of temperature, alteration in conditions forms, toxic wastes skulking in our air, we are vulnerable. If we want to last on this planet in the hereafter, we must move now before it is excessively late. Stairss need to be taken to cut back and decelerate down planetary heating until newer engineering can change and to assist the length of benefit of our universe.

China’s Three Philosophies Essay

China has one of the longest histories in ancient world history. As civilization developed, so did ideas about religion, knowledge, values, society, and the world. Three of the or so famous ones were the Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism. There are many diametrical and similar ideas in these three philosophies. Confucianism has many characteristics and ideas for life and social recount. It came from the teachings of a Chinese philosopher named Confucius, or Kongzi. His students enter all his teachings in a book called the Analects, which mainly focused on social and family relationships (4).Confucius believed that respect for others was necessary for peace within society. Confucius perspective that human constitution is morally neutral, and it is peoples choices in their later lives that determine if they are bully or bad (1). Two of Confuciuss students, Mencius and Xunzi, argued about whether humans are born good or evil. Mencius believed that humans are inevitably good (1) . If one is bad, or lacks a mind that knows right and wrong, one would not evening be considered human (1). Xunzis ideas were more than similar to Legalists, who thought that humans were naturally evil.Confucius believed that everyone had his/her give birth Dao, the way to proper behavior (3). If everyone followed his/her Dao, and were respectful to others, social order would follow. Legalism had very different ideas from Confucianism. Instead of respect for others, Legalists believed that strict laws and harsh punishments were the key to social order. Whats different from Xunzis ideas and Legalism was that Legalists thought humans were born evil (4), while Xunzi thought that humans may be born good, but pull up stakes always turn out bad (1).Legalists disagreed with many of Confuciuss ideas. For example, they didnt think that the worldly concern has a moral core and everything will end up good. Legalists thought that only firm action with strict laws from the government would bring social order (3). Legalists withal disagreed with the Confucianists view of how societys problems could be solved by a government with superior men, and wanted laws that made people shocked to do wrong, instead (3). Daoism (or Taoism) was founded by LaoZi (Old Master). Scholars dont know for sure if he really existed or not.The Daodejing recorded all of his teachings. Unlike Confucianism and Legalism, Daoists care more about natural order than social order (4). They thought that the government should just leave people alone. They believe that if people can live in harmony with nature and their inner feelings, social order will naturally come (4). Daoists thought that arguments about right or wrong are reasonless and people should just accept things as they are (4). Like Confucianism, Daoists also had to follow their own individual Dao, or way, though the concepts are a human activity different.They believe that one must find their individual Dao to relate to nature and eac h other (4). Another important aspect of Daoism is the Yin and Yang. It is the concept of how there is no dark without light, and no light without dark. An excerpt from the Daodejing says when they all know the good as good, there arises the recognition of evil (2). Confucianists thought that that people had to work bad to make earth a better place, while Daoists thought that its isnt action but inaction and letting nature take its course that will help people achieve harmony with the universe and to find the will of Heaven (3).Although there are many differences between Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism, there are also many similarities. They all want to have social order, though through different ways. All the philosophies ideas were recorded in a book. For Confucianism its the Analects. For Daoism its the Daodejing, and even though Xunzi was a Confucianist, his book, The Book of Xunzi, talks about Legalism ideas. Daoism and Confucianism both believe that each person has an indi vidual Dao to follow. These three philosophies of ancient China have its own interesting characteristics and ideas.Although they have many differences, the three different philosophies are tied together by one goal to have peace in society. These philosophies maneuver rulers in ancient China and helped them achieve social order. Even now, thousands of years later, you can still see some of their characteristics in the modern world. Bibliography The Essential terra firma chronicle pg. 63 A Debate Over Good and Evil The Essential World History pg. 64 The Daoist Answer to Confucianism The Essential World History pg 61-64 World History Ancient to Modern Times Chapter 6 Section 2 (pg. 153-157).

Analysis of Coming Home Again Essay

The world is becoming smaller day by day, connecting millions if not all within the frame of internet and telecommunication. Hence, traveling abroad or in-migration to a foreign land is quite common nowadays. Of course, the decision to move to a new country entails many benefits however, it is not without problems. One such cast out after-effect would be the possible family feud that arises from the clash between family members, mainly that of parents and children, often sparked by provision of new education. Language plays a part in family dispute.As the first generation immigrants, parents are usually confined by their teachings in the language and cultural lessons of their mother country while the offspring are spry to make transition to their newly-adopted home. Problems often arise in most mundane circumstances such as calling the bank, buying clothes, and more. Chang Rae Lee narrates about a personal experience of encountering a bitter argument with his mother as he was getti ng more and more impatient with the difficulty she encountered in doing daily things.Although a very trivial matter, the mother cant make a holler call because of the language barrier. When the son was asked to make a phone call for his mother, the author felt that his mothers life was so small to him, thus creating a disorder between the two. Language is a panache to connect and even divide the family members. Often when families immigrate to a foreign country, the roles of the parents and the offspring switch. Already accustomed to their home countrys culture and values, parents become unfamiliar with the new lifestyle and environment, thus losing responsibility of daily tasks and circumstances.On the other hand, children have the opportunity to adjust themselves to new perceptions and settings, granting them the responsibility to take headache of trivial matters. Such reversal of roles that create dysfunctional unnatural circumstances causes the spark of family feud. Wounded and entangled, family feud caused by education is not easily curable.However, Chang Rae Lee, though he experienced a hard time with his mother because of his adoption of American education, recover his bondage with his mother because of his efforts to help her cope with her incoming death, allowing him to stool true understanding of his mothers sentiments toward him. Through realization of love and sacrifice, the author is able to overcome the family.

Ethan Frome Lit Crit

Marxism is mainly more or less money and If you dont sustain money then your not happy and you will be unhappy because you wont have as much as you would like. The narrator needed a ride to his work and he couldnt find anyone someone told him or so Ethan, that he will do anything to make a buck. The narrator asked Ethan and he ended up saying yes because he needed the money. When Ethan came back from law school, for good, his pay off hired Keenan to take care of her but then flock started talking and he felt obligated to marry Keenan In the end.When Ethanes mother died she was worried about money ND what Ethanes dad had done. Ethan worked In his timbre limb that he had and did anything to get a few bucks here and there. Since Keenan always got sick, since Ethanes mother died, she would spend nearly of their money to pay for her medical bills and medication. Instead of paying a maid to come and work for them Keenan was able to get Mattie to help her for free because Mattie didn t have anyone later on her parents died except her cousin Keenan. The first time Ethan picked up Mattie to him It felt like love at first sight when they first met her.Even though It was love at iris sight he TLD realize that It was going to be another person to feed even with the little money he was making from the lumber limb. Financially he had to make a way to provide to feed an extra person. Ever since Ethan met Mattie and when they would hang out he felt less focal point about money. He kept wanting to abjure with Mattie but never could because he couldnt leave Keenan just like that. He was afraid of what people might look at it. If Ethan was able to leave Keenan Just like the man who left his wife for his mistress he would.As much as he wanted to do so he felt bad to leave ere after all he did bring her to the house and now hes Just going to leave her with a house with bills that she couldnt afford to pay and she wouldnt able to sell it. The economy was down in town and people werent able to pay for or procure a house. The economy was down to a point where people were barely making it. Jobs were being lost. Some people couldnt afford a lot of sustenance because they needed to have a house. This relates to Ethan From because Ethan was one of those people who couldnt make a lot of money.Ethan had trouble getting Just a little extra exchange on the side Just o afford something for themselves. Ethan From Is a good example of Marxism because it shows that people of the lower class are always unhappy unless they have money with them. In this book it tells you that money is what makes people happy. If people didnt have money they would be stressing out and have house situations. The economy is based on money. Money keeps the economy going and when it goes down everybody struggles to make a living. Ethan From showed a form AT Marxism Decease social class. Outnumber ten story people Autocue mainly on money Ana t

King Henry II of England in The Lion in Winter by James Goldman

James Goldmans masterpiece, The Lion in Winter, is play that is regarded by many as nonpareil of the best. The play The Lion in the Winter is basically about the invigoration of business leader enthalpy II of England. Although not everything that was consultationed in the play about office henry II of England was entirely true, some of them are just product of fiction and while some are in reality unearthed from real history. rough audience or readers may befool either liked or dislike office hydrogen II of England in James Goldmans play. But if queen mole rat Henry II of Englands character is based on a real person, could it be that the real King Henry II of England posses the same negative traits that the play had portrayed him? Or does James Goldmans portrayal of King Henry II of England have historical and factual basic?In the play, The Lion in Winter, King Henry II of England was portrayed as aging and conniving. He was not portrayed as the charitable character but r ather more of an antagonist that is against the plots of the other characters, namely his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine and his sons Richard, Geoffrey, and John. Basically, everyone was after the rule of King Henry II of England, including himself. He wanted nothing but to protect his throne out from those who want to steal it from him. He was in very good position to do that because he was king, he had all the power of a nation in his palm. He was so addicted to the power he possessed that he became a control-freak, much like every king in history.This was the life the sham King Henry II of England and the real King Henry II of England. It was a life blanket(a) of connivances and deception just like in the play. The play had themes like the dysfunctional family, politics, aging, inheritance, all of which made the slew of the plays narration, all of which also made up the bulk of King Henry II of England. It just shows that fifty-fifty the person of highest political position and wealth are most likely to be unhappy.Although, King Henry II of England was portrayed as an aging-annoying snub in the play The Lion in Winter. He is in fact in reality a good-spirited and energetic person, regarded by many as one of the greatest kings to rule. Some reports that he dresses casually except for occasions that require proper attire. Some also say that he loves jokes and does not easily get offended by them, some even say that he has a considerably great humor. Some say that he is very sense impression in the field of law. Some say that King Henry II of England has an exceptionally photographic retrospection able to remember each and every person that he had faced. That last claim about the king sounded like an exaggeration to even me.Although thither exists many positive notes to King Henry II of England, there also exists an array of negative notes for the king. Others claim that King Henry II of England had a very corky and short temper. Basically these set of oth ers claim that King Henry II of England has a bad individualizedity. I guess we wouldnt k forthwith since it is too far of a history from where we standing today.Enough of his personal life and enough of how James Goldman had portrayed him, let us examine King Henry II of England according to how history itself had portrayed him. King Henry II of England is also known as Henry Plantagenet, Henry Fitzempress, Henry of Anjou, and Henry Curtmantle. He is considered as a king that had played a monumental role in history and had accomplished many things. He was the first from the house of Plantagenet to be choose for the throne of the kingship of England. That in itself can be considered an accomplishment because as we know being first is forever and a day something to be proud of.Other notability works of King Henry II of England were that he was also the one responsible for many expansions of the kingdom and pacification of many rebellions. From the very start, King Henry II of E ngland had patrimonial many lands form his father, Geoffrey Plantagenet, and his re chip Empress Matilda. Although he had inherited many lands from his father, the most significant of lands was the one that her mother had inherited to him, the English throne. He had expanded the kingdom by conquering Ireland. But it didnt compass point there, the expansion went on until it spanned from the Scotland border to Northern Spain. The expansion during King Henry II of Englands edge had almost covered more than half of France. (Tabuteau, 183)King Henry II of England was able to pacify rebellions from the kingdoms country like of those in Scotland and Ireland. This fact is one flat coat why some people consider King Henry II of England as the greatest king to rule ever.He travelled all turgid his kingdom in a very active and energetic manner. He became known for being to report his kingdom far more than any other king. Through this, he became familiar to the lands, thus the reason fo r his victory over insurgencies. Through travelling the lands, he was also able to spot several castles that were build il levelheadedly inside his kingdom. These castles were built by King Henry II of Englands enemies to show him that they to have the capability to build large and fortified castles. King Henry II of England had destroyed those castles together with their owners as a message that says he is palliate the one that has the most power. (Tabuteau, 183)Another of his most notable achievement is that he had stripped the barons of their power to collect taxes. In this sense he had demolished the concept of baronship, and he had basically stripped them of their power over normal people. He had assigned sheriffs to collect the taxes from the people rather of the barons. This had been proven as an effective method to collect tax for King Henry II of Englands fast-growing kingdom. The tax remittances were then used for warfare finance in the crusades.King Henry II of England was also one of the firsts who wanted to be separated for the church service building. He had wanted the individual powers of the church and the politics be separated as two different entities. He had wanted such separation from the church so he had formulated the Constitution of Clarendon. In that constitution, he had argued that an accused that is being rilled in church should be turned over to the government immediately when found guilty. (Tabuteau, 185)Perhaps his greatest and most notable achievement is that he was the one responsible of replacing the trial by combat with the more merciful manner of trial by jury. I guess that we should thank him in that aspect because most of our legal courts today are based on what had King Henry II of England had decreed. We should thank him because if not for him, we would still be killing each other when we have legal dis postes. We should thank him especially the lawyers, because through trial by jury they dont have learn how to wiel d a sword, not to mention for their high salary. (Tabuteau, 186)Some argues that his most notable of all his achievements is his formulation of English common law which is now the basis for most of the worlds legal systems, and a centralized government system. (Tabuteau, 186)Although, King Henry II of Englands achievements had made him one of the most popular king even until now, his achievements were always put in danger because of family disputes over territories and other family matters. To resolve the disputes within his family, he had to resort to dividing his territories among his sons. His sons would later turn against him and join allegiance with the king of France. King Henry II of England would manage to pacify his sons for moment. But in the end Richard will manage to snatch the throne from him just in the play The Lion in Winter.ReferenceTabuteau, E. Z. (1997).Henry II. World Book Encyclopedia

The EU Trade policy aims to develop both multilateral liberalization..

IntroductionIt is frequently verbalize that the European Union ( E.U. ) is an stinting giant entirely a political midget . If the 2nd financial statement seems controversial, the first 1 is verified. Indeed, the E.U. is a major trading power as it is the instauration s largest exporter ( 16.2 % of worldwide exports 1 ) and importer of goods and services, accounting for a fifth of universe cope 2 .The European Union has been developing its interior grocery since 1993 and the Indivi triplex Market Program . Following the encounters of the GATT/WTO 3 , which is an organisation for liberalising parcel out 4 as it is written on the web site, the E.U. has borrowed a broad rhetoric based on the aim of slackening. Associated with the neoclassical sparing theory, the European relaxation method could be define as an unfastened grocery store with free competitor ( art. 119 capital of Portugal Treaty ) , without obstructions or barriers to merchandise. Article 206 of t he Lisbon Treaty underlines the greatness of the part of the EU to the development of universe dole out and to the progressive abolishment of limitations on planetary trade . The EU tidy sum insurance policy, as a quill of entree to the liberalisation, is pursued by the Common Commercial Policy ( CCP ) , which has been a portion of the residential district competencies since the Treaty of Rome. The implicit in thought is that liberalisation of trade has brought and will convey economic benefits and growing 5 , which is the first measure to a public assistance system and a peaceable society.The EU flip policy aims to develop both many-sided liberalisation and regional integrating. The OECD defines the EU trade policy as Parti all in ally by necessity, partially by design, the EU s trade policy has been walking on two legs since its early yearss many-sided liberalization and regional integrating. 6 The Lisbon Treaty considered that the CCP shall be conducted in the con text of the rules and aims of the Union s external action . Therefore, the external dimension of the EU trade has cause on the SM as the internal policy interplays with advancement in the SM.Presents, the E.U has become an attractive economic pole of astir(predicate) 500 million consumers, developing intra-EU and extra-EU exchanges. However, this attraction, this magnet consequence ( S. McGuire ) , has provoked a antisubmarine reaction from the Member States ( MS ) , fueling the demand to nurture the SM from external controversy. 7 The line of latitude of openness seems to be the contown(prenominal)ment of external menaces which shadow destabilise the SM and the whole European economic system. galore(postnominal) physical or administrative barriers still remain and the EU has crimson created new barriers as unspoiled 1s, linked to the alleged European determine. If the EU is non a complete fortress , these obstructions atomic number 18 harmful and campaign to circu mvent universe trade understandings. In such a instance, the dealingss amidst Trade Policy and the liberalisation of the SM be neither systematic nor drone.Sensitive goods Would all celestial spheres be wholly liberalized? Duties and non-tariffs barriers to merchandise.The EU dust stigmatized for utilizing defendionist mechanisms for sectors such as agri pagan merchandises and fabric and vesture. The EU is a chief user of subsidies, anti- cast out steps and willful export restraints ( VER ) in order to protect the alleged sensitive sectors which still remain a root system of tenseness between WTO members. Indeed, the external dimension of the EU Trade policy convergences with the internal Common unpolished Policy ( CAP ) . The CAP has been created in order to protect the internal European agricultural market, curtailing the market entree to EU trade spouses and slightening exports 8 .This policy was employ in the model defined by the Uruguay Round which created specific regulations for agricultural-food merchandises and textiles-clothing, leting high duties on some merchandises. steady if these regulations lead been weakened by far WTO statute law, the EU still applies a assortment of techniques.Price support and export subsidies export subsidies slang became the chief instrument of domestic financial value support in Europe. The plunder sector is one of the approximately conclusive illustration, being a major receiver of subsidies. To call a few, Tereos company ( France ) , Azuc arra Ebro ( Spain ) , Krajowa Spolka Cukrowa ( Poland ) received severally about a178 million, a119.4 and a135 million in assistance in 2009 9 . 1.5 billion per twelvemonth is spent on subsidizing sugar sector, as a monetary value of 632 euros per metric ton croupe be guaranteed to makers 10 . It makes two times the universe monetary value. The EU is one of the important universe s exporter of sugar Beta vulgaris ( EU was the first exporter in the lead CAP re form 11 ) even though its production cost is higher than in Brazil or Thailand. Besides, tariff barriers are still imposed on cane-sugar exporters. Harmonizing to this trade policy, 3rd states allow a really restrictive entree to the EU market entree. Brazil, Thailand and Australia succeeded in conveying the instance to the WTO difference colony. WTO assessed that EU sugar exports were up to four times more subsidies each twelvemonth than allowed under WTO understandings 12 , conflicting with the WTO agreemement on subsidies and offseting step ( SCM ) .To this extent, EU trade policy was regarded as protectionist, safeguarding the internal market from third-countries exportations. From the external dimension of the individua amountic market, the chief pole of liberalisation was non reached. On the other manus, internal integrating suffered trade recreation. These types of ordinances have created biaised competition and have merely permitted to large manufacturers who are capabl e of run intoing high criterions to come in the market, turn up in a really restricted liberalisation 13 .Voluntary export limitations ( VER )Export subsidies can be associated with free export limitations. VER have been outlawed harmonizing to WTO regulations. However, it remains a tool of EU trade policy, utilizing as a barrier against the flow of Chinese fabric imports for illustration. VER are quantitative limitation as the observe illustration is the understanding for restriction of Chinese fabrics measure authorised on the EU market. China voluntary accepted to curtail its imports assisting EU industries to confront competition. Even if import quotas ended in December 2008 with the ten-fold Fibre Arrangement ( MFA ) taking to farther liberalisation, VER are still used protectionist tools.Anti-dumping stepsHarmonizing to the WTO web site, dumping occurs when goods are exported at a monetary value less than their normal value, by and large intending they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost 14 . Article 6 of GATT/WTO allows state to develop anti-dumping responsibilities ( ADD ) if unjust competition consequences from. But the EU circumvents the WTO model, utilizing arbitraly just trade regulations. The European Union uses the Comm unit of measurementy involvement to warrant the aggravator of ADD which can last up to five old ages 15 . However, voices have risen against a protection maltreatment of these policies. The EU initiated 287 anti-dumping instances in ten old ages, between 1998 and 2008 16 . Harmonizing to L. Davis, 59 % of instances have involved Asiatic exports, 22 % from China entirely , particularly because of the higher competition in chemical substance and metal sector increasing with the development of Asiatic economic systems 17 . China is now the biggest manufacturer of washers and bolts and this led to enforce anti-dumping on its imports for case, duties for steel and Fe fasteners are risen from 26.5 % to 85 % , as we can see on the pie chart below 18 .The developpment of anti-dumping instances underlines the subsitution consequence from duties to non-tarrifs barriers 19 . The rhetoric of liberalisation fells an implicit in protectionism.Beginning L.Davis, Ten old ages of anti-dumping in the EU economic and political targeting , Ecipe working paper, No. 02/2009.The policies applied to these sensitive sectors exemplifie what Professor M. Monti called the ambivalent feeling ( of the EU ) about the external dimension of its individual market 20 . Surely, harmonizing to B.-T. Hanson, it can be possible to liberalise the internal market associated with external protectionism. However, the chief end of EU trade policy is defined as liberalisation of the universe s market. This contradiction between theory and facts is underlined by the indispensable controversial nature of the nexus between liberalising external trade p olicy and making a individual market for 27 states 21 . If what is frequently called the Fortress Europe does non be, inclinations to protectionism are still important in specifying EU trade policy. The statement of Pearce, Sutton and Batchelor in 1985 remains relevant Even if the European economic systems revive, and there is no rush in protectionism elsewhere in the universe, deprivation of international fight will go on to bring forth force per unit area to protect some sectors in some or all member provinces. The disposition if authoritiess to give to these force per unit areas will likely non alter much 22 . Then, if a weak nexus between EU trade policy and individual market liberalisation can be found, the part of EU trade policy to the liberalisation of the SM is non obvious and even seems an obstruction to farther external liberalisation.Discriminatory Trade symmetricalnessThe Union supports trade liberalisation through many-sided dialogues within the GATT/WTO, which a re based on rule of non-discrimination. Beyond WTO model, the EU has signed legion bilateral understandings with states and regional organisations based on oblige 24 GATT. For illustration, the EU is presently negociating a Free Trade Area ( FTA ) understanding with ASEAN.EU creates its ain pyramid of penchants that divide its trading spouses into friends, lesser friends and enemies 23 . These understandings create different degrees of trade liberalisation. It can be deep integrating as it is realised in Europe ( EEC ) or free trade understandings as with Mediterranean states. The EU has at any rate signed partnership understandings with many African, Caribbean and Pacific ( ACP ) states or has established Generalized System of duty Preferences for the poorest countries. 24 In general they are called Preferential Trade Agreements ( PTA ) and can be defined as a assortment of agreements that favour member parties over non-members by railroad siding duty and other non-tariff penchants . 25 Being of such discriminatory intervention can menace the liberalisation of planetary trade by doing trade recreation. Trade recreation exists because states within trading axis will sort of merchandise between them even if the states outside the axis would hold a natural comparative advantage. 26 The most known instance of favoring the regional penchants was the Banana instance when the ACP states have enjoyed discriminatory entree to the EU market even if the manufacturers from Latin America were the cheapest. This caused a excess loss in economic footings. The SM undergoes external factors that limited complete liberalisation.However, the complex system of discriminatory trade policy does non ever have the lone position of trade liberalisation. As for illustration, under economic thousand are frequently conceal political 1s protections of human rights or labor criterions travel beyond the pure trade issues 27 . These understandings are frequently asymmetric, bet ween powerful EU and the development states, which is in a weaker economic and political model and can non truly enforce its demands. Trade policy can be seen as a tool of advancing development and assistance to hapless states as in the instance of ACP-EU Partnership understanding Everything but Arms plan. The last 1 is a good illustration of understanding which in the name of trade penchants is allowing zero-tariff entree to EU s market for all merchandises from these states, except weaponries and weaponries, but in world the most competitory goods from these states as bananas or sugar are excluded from the trade. 28 The understandings of this type do non advance the benefits of farther liberalization to developing states, but are protecting their ain involvements. 29 The last controversial points about lotion of common commercial policy are non-trade values used by EU to protect internal market. EU values such as health, labor criterions, environment, rural development or c ultural diverseness are grounds of curtailing the imports from other states. 30 We can mention to the prohibition on merchandise of meat from USA that is known to be treated with endocrines. EU argues that there are possible wellness hazards linked to immune system harm in kids. 31 Refering this issue we need to emphasize the importance of precautional rule which is defined by the Commission as the precautional rule applies where scientific grounds is deficient, inconclusive or unsure and preliminary scientific rating indicates that there are sensible evidences for consult that the potentially unsafe effects on the environment, homo, animate being or works wellness whitethorn be inconsistent with the high degree of protection chosen by the EU . 32 By utilizing this rule EU can curtail the importing of goods from its trading spouses on the footing of protection of consumers.Labour criterions and environmental protection are frequently used to condition the decision of bilateral o r regional understandings. AA The EU is steadfastly committed to advancing core labour criterions and nice work for all in its trade policy, and routinely includes cooperation enterprises and inducements to emend working conditions in the trade understandings it negotiates. 33 A AServicessServicess became a topic of international dialogues merely on the Uruguay Round ( 1986-1994 ) and resulted in the sign language of General Agreement on Trade in Services ( GATS ) . Members committed themselves to avoid any favoritism in the application of its criterions or standards for the mandate, licensing or enfranchisement of services providers and to non curtail trade in services 34 .Despite this declaration, the liberalisation of services is still in its babyhood 35 . Covering more than 70 % of EU s GDP 36 , services are instead secondary in its trade forms. Merely 20 % of services, produced in 27 Member States, are provided abroad ( including intra-trade ) 37 .Szymon Bielecki, Sylvie Gor i. EU27 international trade in services scrapsd in 2009 following the oncoming of the planetary fiscal crisis. Eurostat Statistics in focal point. 37/2010, p. 4.Service liberalisation is non achieved even on the internal degree of the EU. Monopolies still exist in European states. For illustration, each national railroad company tends to continue dominant place on domestic market. It leads to tensenesss and competitory disadvantages for other possible providers, e.g. such a instance has late occurred between SNCF and DB for the entree to the Gallic web 38 .Regardless the acceptation of Service Directive 39 , which aimed to advance the freedom to set up a concern in another MS and the freedom to supply services in other MS, the state of affairs with liberalisation of EU Trade in services did non alter significantly. This directive does non merely have considerable spreads in ordinance of legion services, but besides does non concern 3rd states 40 . The EU for good feels the dep rivation of the cohesive trade policy in services. A divided service market is damaging for an economic system largely knowledge-based and service oriented. We should besides take into history the mutuality of services and thenceforth the cast out knock-on consequence of barriers 41 .Technical barriersEU Trade Policy is closely related with other policies, which besides contribute to farther limitations. For case, the protection of the Intellectual Property Rights implies that both trading parties respect and protect shrewd rights. It resulted in the toughening of EU Customs ordinances 42 and in a creative activity of a list of precedence states in which state of affairs with IPR protection seems the most damaging to EU fight 43 .Other barriers are tax-related. The EU has a extremely disconnected revenue enhancement landscape that creates the loopholes for the dual revenue enhancement or revenue enhancement favoritism of consumers and companies. Another instance is the cross-bor der e-commerce, limited due to the differences in consumer protection regulations, regulations on VAT, recycling fees and levies 44 .The most dearly-won and hard to get the better of are administrative limitations. Harmonizing to EU jurisprudence a service supplier should hold its registered office, cardinal governing body or chief topographic point of concern within the Community 45 , which about automatically extirpate any foreign provider from the domestic market. It prevents states or companies from spread outing their end products in sectors where they have a comparative advantage 46 . SMEs ( the anchor of the European economic system 47 ) muster themselves in even worse state of affairs than the large companies. The proportion between the antecedently mentioned be and their size is so immense, that they can non every bit compete with domestic providers and will likely decline to supply cross-border services. Now merely 8 % of SMEs are engaged in cross-border trade and merely 5 % have set up subordinates or joint ventures abroad 48 . Harmonizing to the study, the most of import barriers for SMEs met in exporting are, to call a few, the establishing of a commercial presence abroad ( 16 % of all respondents ) , the deficiency of international criterions for services ( 14 % ) , revenue enhancement issues ( 10 % ) 49 .These limitations have multiple damaging effects. They cut down competition between domestic and foreign providers that cause higher monetary values and lower pick for consumers. There are still losing links or constrictions in the Single Market, which exists in theory, but, in world, it is constrained by multiple barriers and regulative obstructions 50 .DecisionDespite the declared EU Single Market ends for the hereafter, such as openness to planetary trade and investing , rejection of protectionism , the remotion of behind-the-border obstructions and great attending to the international dimension 51 in fixing the new ordinances, in pattern EU states jibe the half-open doors. By and large they have a free entryway, but the breadth of the transition varies well depending on the EU s pyramid of penchants . the EU is frequently accused of holding an ambivalent attitude towards the GATT/WTO.simultaneously it actively supports trade liberalisation via Rounds and the edifice up of a universe trade jurisprudence, but refuse to thoroughly implement it.Homes bias + province s different policies.

Overbooked Essay

trance doing reservations , the hotel must have a guarantee, meaning that there should be a law or system, in which allows the booking of rooms by people who are really going to interpret on, a indisputable big wages or percentage of the total fee should be paid prior to the stretch of the guest, this would ensure to the hotel that the guest will surely come and wont disappear and at the corresponding time this will be a motivation to the guest to come, since she/he already paid an occur of money, they dont want loose the money they paid for the reservation they made, thus they will show .In a nutshell this should be a strategy hotels implement while doing booking. Case study To let up or not to Flag-and If So, Which flag? 1. As it is known franchising, is the practice of using another firms successful business model. What is a privilege agreement? Is a legally binding agreement which outlines the franchisors terms and conditions for the franchisee. The franchise agreement also clearly outlines the obligations of the franchisor and the obligations of the franchisee.Since the best franchise application has a fee of $20000 and there is 2% revenue marketing fee, and a reservation fee of $4 per room, I would go with this option since it is the best option that is on ground. If Joy and Bob agree to be part of that franchise corporations, they would have a famous name, and that would attract more guests to come. 2. These factors need to be covered in whatsoever franchise agreement The nature and name of the activity being franchised. This includes details of each rademarks, recipes, specifications or processes associated with the overlap or service The franchise territory on offer needs to be specified. So should the fixing of the nearest outlets of the same franchise The duration of the agreement, usually at least five years, together with any renewal terms and conditions The franchise fee, royalty and any other payments to be made What the franchisor agrees to offer in terms of training, marketing, the provision of materials and so forth The conditions under which the franchise can be terminated by either party or what their obligations are should that happen. )Additional information would be in term of The right to use the trade name The Franchisees obligations The Franchisors obligations The premises and the territory Length of Franchise contract transposition terms

The Incident

This happened to me last weekend . I am blase at that day . I was sitting exposeside my house alone because all of my friends were out of town . I was getting bo blushing(a) so I decided to ride my bike out to nearby garden . When I got in that location , I saw no tree trunk all over there and I started feel curious at this moment . I sit on a meadow . 1 move to make myself more relax and take a nap . Suddenly , I heard roar of thunder and the sky started bring bad weather ahead . Dark , smoky clouds threatened rainfall , Its rain cats and dogs . I try to run back to my house . When I stood alone external my house .I saw a strange woman in front of me . The woman face had heavily done up . The woman body like overweight . The woman hastily asked question to me . Dampen do you have a comprehensive When he called my name , my brain was stun a few second . Eve been beating my brains out trying to think who Is she . My brain keep dodge out a lot of question discover . Who are you ? Am I knew you ? Why you knew my name and I never seen you before. The woman angrily red face stared at me . When she stared at me , I feel afraid at that moment . The woman say l am your old classmate In secondary school I I am Joey When she said Joey my brain flash to secondary school the girls who absolutely beautiful in the class . L remembered you , Joey . How are you recently ? Im fine , thank you . You look handsome Dampen . What are you doing after have at secondary school ? Thank you , Joey . I am still starting my new feel and continue my certificate at university . How about you ? I heard from my friends you started looking Job at outside . Why dont you continue study at university ? I heard my friends you get result with flying alter Yup , I was looking job recently .My family income pretty bad so I have to pull through Joey hope you dream come true . I heard from my classmate your father was not so well . Did you bring him to clinic ? Yes , I brought my father to clinic last week . My father get diabetes and high line of merchandise pressure and he still waiting his body check report . I still worries my father. Joey , Dont worries everything goanna be alright your father no sick anymore will as right as rain . Do you want to take lunch at cafe ? II be there ulterior . Okay , lets go together . When we get there , before we go in the cafe . The stroke of the accidents will never roger in my mind .The motorcyclist was following behind was taxi very closely . He was so impatient that he was trying to overtake the taxi even near a frizzy bend . At that moment , there was an oncoming motorcar . The taxi number one wood swerved to the roadside and I got a terrible Jolt . It was too late for the motorcyclist to avoid and dodge the car . The motorcycle ran against the bumper of the car and I heard a sound like bang And the motorcycle smashed its windscreen . Joey and I freaked at that moment . After that , the motorcyclist som ersaulted over the car and was found lying in a pussycat of blood .The driver , who was cut by the flying glass , was in a state of traumatize . All that happened in split second and fear overwhelmed us . Joey ask me to walk quickly over there to cooperate them. Dampen , lets go the motorcyclist need our helped I yelled around people to help them . Help Help Help some people ran over here and help them. The taxi driver stopped his taxi and I quickly ran to the nearest telephone to inform the police and the hospital . When I ran backed the accident I saw a pool of blood and my heart pump started gain . I saw the motorcyclist his hand was broken arm and his face like feel exhausted .