Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Portfolio - Essay Example I also served as a research assistant in two labs of my university and I got immense opportunities to learn there in a very reputable environment. I am a quick and efficient learner, excellent in making social contacts that can lead to positive grooming with regards to profession and general behavior. I adjust easily with the new and dynamic environment to deliver the results optimally. I like to work in a team to sharpen the learning experience by competing with positive enthusiasm. Analytical record Date: The employer was a renowned company in the information technology sector which has offered multiple competitive job openings and organized a lecture to nurture the students in accordance with the emerging trends in the cooperate world. The main emphasis was on the availability of jobs in the information technology sector and how the students can avail diverse opportunities timely in order to grab the best and alluring careers. The students were told that there are multifarious sca les of job opportunities in the IT sector. The jobs span caries from telecommunication companies to software houses. The requirements are good programming skills and managerial know-how. We were surprised to learn about a contemporary trend in the interviews, and that is a very less emphasis is given on the CGPA rather it is the skills and technical know-how which weighs more in the IT industry. The main advantages in this field is rapid wealth generation and an individual can avail multiple opportunities at a time. I have started to focus more on the technical courses as there is a primary requirement for technical skill set in IT industry. Jobs are copious and manifold and the opportunities are expanding day by day. Date: The employer was an eminent and acclaimed member of the HR industry. The lecture focused on the importance of managerial skills among the students’ of technical courses. The hybrid structure of skill set was emphasized among the students because in the mod ern cooperate world; one cannot survive by only converging the emphasis on one area of knowledge. The lecturer told the students that they can plan to follow a Master in business administration program in some university of good repute because there is an increasing demand of IT project managers in the market. The disadvantage of following a hybrid program can be lack of focus on divergence of efforts. Date: The employer was an extolled and distinguished member the mobile development market. The session was really interactive and interesting. The importance of mobile development was explained to students and it was depicted through graphs that how the mobile development jobs are taking a huge leap in the current cooperate world. The explosion of mobile OS’s like Android and iOS have given a boost in the overall market scenario. The advantage of mobile developments is very diverse as this field is now being considered as ever green. Though android and i-phone have touched thei r climax but there is a new introduction in this global market in the form of windows mobile development. The switch of the field is also easy. I am now trying to get my majors in mobile developments programming languages because I have developed an intense interest in it. Date: Employer was one of the esteemed and acclaimed parts of the telecom sectors. It was told to us that there are plenty o job scope for the fresh

Criminal law: Treating a child as an adult

Criminal law: Treating a child as an adult A 15 year old commits a crime, depending on the seriousness of the crime, that child should be treated as an adult. Children in the past have been given many but not all of the due process protection that is recognized in adult criminal courts, so why cant children be treated as adults if they get certain advantages that adults get. Juvenile courts have many of the same rights as adults such as the right to a hearing. Juvenile offenders are typically treated as a special group. The courts soon realized that children could commit serious offenses therefore the juvenile courts created a procedure to transfer the case to the adult criminal courts. Nearly all states have provisions where if a juvenile who commits a serious felony can be prosecuted as an adult. This provision is called â€Å"concurrent jurisdiction† where the prosecutor can decide if the case will be moved to the adult courts. Statutory exclusion means that the legislature can require that certain serious crimes that involve juveniles can be tried in the adult court system instead of leaving it up to the prosecutor or the judge to decide how the case will be taken care of. In 1994 at least 13 states required that certain juvenile cases should be handled by the criminal courts. The case of the sniper shootings in the Washington D. C. area involved Lee Boyd Malvo who was 17 at the time of the shootings. Malvo was tried as an adult for capital murder and was sentenced to life without parole. One percent of juvenile cases are waved to the adult criminal court each year. Juvenile crimes lead to more serious crimes. Therefore the juveniles need to be stopped by being treated as adults and getting worse punishments than they would if treated as a juvenile. Both Bill Clinton and Robert Dole urged that juveniles charged with violent crimes be tried as adults, removing them from the protective confines of juvenile court proceedings. Courts are going back and looking at court cases that involved juveniles getting sentenced to life without parole. In 2009 the Supreme Court looked at two crimes (Graham and Sullivan) involving juveniles that committed crimes that should not have sentenced them to life without parole. They will be deciding whether life without parole sentences for juveniles is unconstitutionally harsh. Florida is one of six states to charge juveniles for non-homicide crimes. â€Å"An estimated 2,570 juvenile defendants in the United States are serving life without parole sentences, nearly all are homicide related. Of the 111 juvenile defendants who committed lesser offences such as Graham and Sullivan, 77 of them are in Florida p risons† (USA Today, Nov. 10, 2009). The Supreme Court ruled that sentencing a juvenile to life without parole for a non- homicide crime is unconstitutional. There was a 5-4 decision on this ruling. Justice Kennedy states in his majority opinion â€Å"Gives all juvenile non-homicide offenders a chance to demonstrate maturity and reform. The juvenile should not be deprived of the opportunity to achieve maturity of judgment and self-recognition of human worth and potential† (EJI). In 2010, a state judge in Michigan sentenced life without parole to Dakotah Eliason who was convicted of murdering his step grandfather. Dakotah was 14 at the time of the murder. The defense said this sentence was cruel and unusual punishment and violated the 8th Amendment. â€Å"Long-standing and unchallenged precedent establishes that when a juvenile is convicted of killing another human being, a life-without-parole sentence does not violate the Eighth Amendment,† says Judge Scott Schofi eld who was the judge in the Eliason case (WBST.com, October 25, 2010). An article dated May 1995 states that the public is alarmed by the increasing number of juvenile violence. Between 1982 and 1992 arrest for juvenile violence doubled. If people were afraid of the increase in juvenile violence in 1982 and 1992 then what does that have to say for the violence now. Juvenile violence may not be as high as it was in the late 1900s, thats most likely because in the late 1900s security wasnt as serious as it is now. Juveniles in the late 1900s had a better chance of getting something that they should not have in their possession than in 2011. In 1987-1993 politicians started using the phrase â€Å"adult crime, adult time.† A May 2010 article mentions that juveniles cannot be sentenced to life in prison without committing non- homicide crimes. Attorneys explain that juveniles cannot be convicted of a crime that they cannot control because their frontal lobe has not fully developed. The frontal lobe is responsible for reasoning, impulse control, and planning. A study was done at the New York University School of Medicine that shows that the frontal lobe is one of the last areas to reach maturity. It matures around age 20 or beyond. The 26th Amendment changed the voting age from 21 to 18, therefore most states lowered the age of adulthood to 18. Juvenile courts were designed to save children from the damage that could be caused by holding them with adult offenders. Studies show that transferring juveniles to adult courts is not an effective deterrent of further criminal activity. In 2005, the Supreme Court banned use of the death penalty against minors in all cases. In 2009 the Just Kids Partnership found that the adult court system teaches teens to become violent criminals, subject them to sexual and physical abuse and waste taxpayers money. Problems at home could have contributed to the child committing the crime therefore the courts should look into the juveniles family background. Studies show that juveniles who are tried as adults are more likely to commit another crime than those tried in the juvenile court system. This means that it is more effective to prosecute all juveniles in the juvenile court system. The government should treat children as adults depending on how serious the crime is. Example: if a 14 year old murdered someone and it was not self defense then yes the child should be treated as an adult. Lock up only the most serious and most violent offenders. Kids that commit crimes such as murder or terrorism should be tried as adults not kids that are property or drug offenders. If children want to try to be grown up or are trying to grow up to fast then they should be treated like an adult if they want to act like an adult, like the phrase says â€Å"adult crime, adult time†. The only reason why a child should not be treated as an adult is if the crime is not serious enough or if the child has family or school problems or psychological problems then the courts would have to take a whole other approach. If people are concerned that teens being sent to jail with adults is critical to their health then the Government could build a building for teens that get tried as an a dult and sentenced to jail time. Even though this will use tax money, it is better than putting kids into a jail that may not suit them. Also the kids will get more attention and learn to make better decisions if they ever get out of jail. This building will serve the purpose of the juvenile courts for those juveniles that committed serious crimes which is to rehabilitate, not only punish which is what the adult courts are used for. Since courts are now going back and looking at court cases where juveniles were sentenced to life without parole this means they will be letting some convicts out on good behavior or put them in the right facilities. These convicts that the courts are letting out are not murders but they still committed a crime. That is just like letting a 45 year old out for good behavior when he assaulted someone when he was 34. America is suppose to be a safe place, but if we have murders getting let out of jail and roaming the street who knows if they will strike aga in even if they were convicted when they were a juvenile. If the frontal lobe does not mature until into young adult hood than the Government should raise the age of juvenile court jurisdiction till the age of when the frontal lobe is scientifically proven to be fully developed. So then courts can be sure that the convicted persons brain was fully developed and they were fully aware of what was happening and what the consequences should be. The Government should also construct a document that says that you will still be considered a juvenile if you are under the age of 18, but if you commit certain serious crimes while under the age of 18 you will be treated as an adult. Most criminal activity happens after school hours and on weekends in the evening. Schools could help with the crime rate by offering more school activities that do not cost money to be in or are offered for a low cost. Then students would be less likely to commit a crime especially if they are an officer of a club or on a team that they represent in and outside of school. There are pros and cons to whether or not a child should be treated as an adult but if we do not stop the crime rate in children than the crime rate in adults is going to rise because once those children get older their crimes will most likely develop into more serious crimes. Juveniles are â€Å"different† than adults. Juveniles are not as mature as adults both physically and mentally but that does not mean they should not suffer the same consequences as adults. People always say children are the future but if we do not welcome them to the real world and make them realize that the decisions and actions they make have consequences than they will have no future and will not be able to make it through life.

Our Value of Art Essay -- Art Philosophy Essays

Our Value of Art Art is a thoughtful, emotional expression. It has many forms, such as painting, sculpture, architecture and the written word. Rousseau proposes, "Instead of thinking of life as something to which signs and texts are added to represent it, we should conceive of itself as suffused with signs (Culler 12)." For these purposes the signs which Rousseau identifies are works of art. This statement speaks to the inseparable quality of life and art. Since life and art are connected they invariably affect one another. Life is inherently chaotic. This prompts the creation of art, which consequently promotes the stasis of chaos. Art's effect on society demands that we decide whether we value art enough to risk our own undoing. Human beings are psychologically driven creatures. As a result their endeavors are similarly psychologically driven. The compulsion to create is one of our most basic, primitive drives. From a psychological perspective this is known as sublimation, or the channeling of one's energy into a healthy, socially acceptable behavior. This behavior alludes to the idea that the act of creating something of significance makes up for life's troubles. This cognitive negotiation is known as rationalization. It would seem that productively acting in response to chaos would restore the good. However, this energy is misdirected. Channeling all of one's energy into art neglects the problems that truly need attention. In this way art is like putting a fresh coat of paint on a crumbling old home. Consider the Beat Generation. This was a passionate group of painters and poets who produced a massive body of work during the mid twentieth century. It is not a coincidence that they indulged heavily in promi scuous sex, h... ...sso wrote, "Art is a lie that makes us realize truth, at least the truth that is given to us to understand (Picasso 321)." In regard to the relationship between art and chaos art is only a lie as long as its purpose remains unexamined. For some of us, regardless of the negative ties that art has to life, nonexistence is favorable to a life without it. Art teaches us that all wonderful things have ramifications. I would argue that the greatness of a masterpiece exponentially surpasses the harm it causes because it captures its chaotic origins and builds from them. It is as if life's troubles have changed form and evolved into a worthwhile, undying entity. Works Cited: 1. Burroughs, William S., Naked Lunch, New York: 1959. 2. Culler, Jonathan, Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction, New York: 1997. 3. Picasso, Pablo, "Statement to Marvis de Zayas," 1923.

Subjects to Citizens: Locke, the Enlightenment

The idea of people as citizens rather than as subjects originates in 16th century Europe, during the Early Modern Period. During this period, European social order was in a state of flux as the rule of kings was confronted with a persistent and determined challenges defined by social forces that were pushing for more secular and democratic governments. There were both individuals and events that today may be seen as powerful drivers of those forces, and among them are John Locke, the Enlightenment, and the French Revolution.As such a force, the Enlightenment, which began during the mid-17th century and remained a major political and philosophical phenomenon until approximately 1800, had tremendous impact in the rise and triumph of democracy over monarchy. The Enlightenment was catalyzed by the persistent discourse of a number of philosophers and historians, one of the foremost of which was John Locke.The magnitude of change introduced by the Enlightenment is rendered more clearly whe n viewing that period in context of the preceding era—the Medieval Period, during which the rule of kings prevailed, sustained by an embedded religious institutions that qualified the lineages of kings for ruler ship through divine ordainment. The Church enjoyed considerable reciprocity from the crowns by doing so, because rulers recognized the equity that religion held in the minds of their â€Å"subjects†, and found value in making mutually beneficial agreements with the church to preserve this closed loop cycle of maintaining and preserving a rigid social order.The losers of course were the â€Å"subjects† of those kingdoms, who ultimately had little say in who ruled them, and who were indoctrinated into a life of mute slavery and poverty, deprived of both education as well as the right to imagine upward social mobility, much less the access to opportunities to actually pursue such improved quality of life.It was the endpoint of these social dynamics, and the progressive deterioration of social responsibility throughout the dual leadership trees of church and crown, that catalyzed the French Revolution during the last decade of the 18th century. The French Revolution, in a nutshell, was the revolt of the long repressed peasantry against what they rightfully recognized as a corrupt governmental power cartel defined by the closed loop relationships between the crown and the Church.The French Revolution really punctuates the spirit of the Enlightenment, because the Enlightenment was all about waking people up to the notion that they had a right to select their leaders and that anybody was capable of exercising reason and logic in doing so, and most importantly that exercising those capacities was a much better answer to society’s problems than continuing to rely on superstitious belief in the right of a lineage of kings to continue ruling despite worsening social conditions.It was not until the French Revolution however that the Enl ightenment really manifested full force. John Locke died nearly a century before the French Revolution, but he played a key role in developing the philosophies that activated and drove the Enlightenment, particularly through his composition of the Two Treatises. In these documents, he makes an effort to refute the notion that people do not have the capacity or knowledge or political understanding to select their own rulers.Locke’s philosophical arguments here really took those of opposing contemporaries like Sir Robert Filmer, whose viewpoints closely reflect the social order maintained by pre-Enlightenment establishment. Filmer’s Patriarcha: The Natural Power of Kings Defended Against the Unnatural Liberty of the People, a composition that presented arguments supporting the pre-existing social order of monarchic rule. The prevailing establishment justified monarchic rule through a number of arguments, both sociological and religious.Among these, they did so by arguing that a nation is like a family, with the population as the children as the king as the parent. Another argument was that to share the power of leadership in a democratic manner would be to invite and embrace the breakdown of social ethics, presumably because the natural disposition of a populace is to chafe under rules and laws and to desire more freedom, and that the endpoint of this would be excessive liberties, the deterioration of morality and ultimately the rise of an era where selfish and unjust rulers would take power.Rulers believed that the population simply could not, nor would they ever in a sustainable manner be capable of, responsibly selecting its own leaders. Locke challenged these ideas by introducing the concept of the Commonwealth, which would be defined by a social contract whereby the members of the Commonwealth participate in surrendering a certain level of liberty in order to ensure the stability of society and the preservation of the community.This surrender would only be the minimum required to preserve the peace, safety and security of the commonwealth, and part of this would involve the implementation of a democratic or republican system by which citizens would have at least a representative body in the government to ensure their needs were addressed. Notably, this was a key factor that activated in the French peasantry a desire to overthrow the First and Second estates, which they felt were taxing them without caring for their needs or interests.

Community: Sharing One Skin

The Okanagan people, also spelled Okanogan, are a First Nations and Native American people whose traditional territory spans the U. S. -Canada boundary in Washington state and British Columbia. (Wiki, 2011) Known in their own language as the Syilx, they are part of the Interior Salish ethnological and linguistic groupings, the Okanagan are closely related to the Spokan, Sinixt, Nez Perce, Pend Oreille, Shuswap and Nlaka'pamux peoples in the same region. Wiki, 2011) When the Oregon Treaty partitioned the Pacific Northwest in 1846, the portion of the tribe remaining in what became Washington Territory reorganized under Chief Tonasket as a separate group from the majority of the Okanagans, whose communities remain in Canada. (Wiki, 2011) The Okanagan Tribal Alliance, however, also incorporates the American branch of the Okanagans, who are part of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville, a multi-tribal government in Washington State. Wiki, 2011) The bounds of Okanagan territory are roughly the Basin of Okanagan Lake and the Okanagan River, plus the basin of the Similkameen River to the west of the Okanagan valley, and some of the uppermost valley of the Nicola River. (Wiki, 2011) The various Okanagan communities in British Columbia and Washington form the Okanagan Nation Alliance, a border-spanning organization which includes American-side Okanogans resident in the Colville Indian Reservation, where the Okanagan people are sometimes known as Colvilles. Wiki, 2011) A group of Okanagan people in the Nicola Valley, which is at the northwestern perimeter of Okanagan territory, are known in their dialect as the Spaxomin, and are joint members in a historic alliance with neighboring communities of the Nlaka'pamux in the region known as the Nicola Country, which is named after the 19th Century chief who founded the alliance, Nicola. (Wiki, 2011) This alliance today is manifested in the Nicola Tribal Association. As in the reading, you can imagine how spiritual and well-being play a huge role in their culture. Every word in their ulture has a very important meaning for their way of life. Jeannette Armstrong refers to her culture and the word â€Å"Okanagan† in a lot of deep and emotional depth. Armstrong explains the word Okanagan comes from a whole understanding of what they are as human beings. They can identify each other through that word in their interaction, prayer, and they identify there selves as human as well, different from birds trees and animals. The first part of the word refers to the physical realm. The second part of the word refers to the dream or the dream state, but Okanagan doesn’t precisely mean â€Å"dream. It actually means â€Å"the unseen part of our existence as human beings. † They are dream memory and imagination. The third part of the word means that if you take a number of strands, hair, or twine, place them together and then rub your hands and bind them together, they become one strand. Use this thought symbolically when you make a rope, twine, or weave a basket. They are tied into a part of everything. â€Å"I know my position and my responsibilities for that specific location and geographic area, which is how I introduce myself. The Okanagan people identify there selves as four main capacities that operate together: the physical self, the emotional self, the thinking-intellectual self, and the spiritual self. The Okanagan people teach that each person is born into a family and a community. No person is born isolated from those two things. As an Okanagan you are automatically accepted. You belong. You are them. Wouldn’t this be nice in our current society here in the U. S. The Okanagan refer to relationships with others using a word that means â€Å"our one skin. This means that they share more than a place; they share a physical tie that is uniquely human, that the many that became before the Okanagan and the many ahead of the Okanagan share their flesh. Community comes first, then family and finally the individual. This is interesting to me. Do you think we as a population have this line of thinking? I would have to say a big percent of us think of ourselves in this society. Indigenous people, not long removed from their cooperative, self-sustaining lifestyles on their lands do not survive well in this atmosphere of aggression and dispassion. The Okanagan word they have for extended family is translated as â€Å"sharing one skin. † The concept refers to blood ties within community and extends the instinct to protect our individual selves to all who share the same skin. Armstrong knows how powerful the solidarity is of peoples bound together by land, blood, and love. This is the largest threat to interests wanting to secure control of lands and resources that have been passed on in a healthy condition from generation to generation of families. Armstrong goes on to saying she is pessimistic about changes happening; the increase of crimes, worldwide disasters, total anarchy, and the possible increase of stateless oligarchies; borders are disappearing, and true sustainable economies are crumbling. However, she has learned that crisis can help build community so that it can face the crisis itself. Since time immemorial, the history of the Okanagan began, long before the arrival of the Europeans. They are the Syilx-speaking people – the original inhabitants of a vast and beautiful territory that encompasses forests, grasslands, lakes and desert. For thousands of years, the Okanagan people were self-reliant and well provided for through their own ingenuity and use of the land and nature. They lived united as a nation with a whole economy, travelling the breadth and depth of their territory, hunting and fishing, growing and harvesting, crafting and trading to meet their needs. Since reading this chapter of the Okanagan people, I have learned a lot about these very fascinating people. I also believe if every culture was like the Okanagan people, our planet would be a much peaceful, spiritual, and well respected place.

Cathedrals and Religion

Cathedrals and Religion IntroductionThe Gothic Age"As the third year that followed the year on thousand grew near, there was to be seen over almost all the earth, but especially in Italy and in Gaul, a great renewal of church buildings; each Christian community was driven by a spirit of rivalry to have a more glorious church than the others. It was as if the world had shaken itself, and casting off its old garments, had dressed itself again in every part in a white robe of churches."Raoul Glaber, Historia, c.1003The Gothic Age (c. AD 1130-1530) marked the end to an age of chaos, primarily caused by the sacking and pillaging of the Vikings. After the great minds of Western Europe were freed from using their vast knowledge to defend against invaders or plagues, they now had the time and the resources needed to design any and everything in this era from bridges to city walls and castles to cathedrals.Clerestory windows (upper windows above the flying...This was also a very religious age, with plenty of money b eing pumped into the Church, some from the crusades, with all of its included looting, and a lot more from all of the tithes all of the people who were born in the population explosion gave faithfully. Another even bigger source of income for the Church came to it in the shape of power and prestige, when the power of the church peaked in AD 1277.Not only was this a good time for the Church, but this was also a very good time for all of humanity. The standard of living dramatically rose, and along with it, the population of Western Europe shot up. In 1346, the estimated population of Europe was fifty-four point four million just before the plague hit and wiped out more than a third...

Determine Number of Protons and Electrons in Ions

Determine Number of Protons and Electrons in Ions The number of protons and electrons in an atom or molecule determines its charge and whether it is a neutral species or an ion. This worked chemistry problem demonstrates how to determine the number of protons and electrons in an ion. For atomic ions, the key points to keep in mind are: A neutral atom has the same number of protons and electrons. This number is the atomic number of the element.A positively-charged ion or cation has more protons than electrons. The proton number is the atomic number of the element, while the electron number is the atomic number minus the charge.A negatively-charged ion or anion has more electrons than protons. Again, the number of protons is the atomic number. The number of electrons is the atomic number added to the charge. Protons and Electrons Problem Identify the number of protons and electrons in the Sc3 ion. Solution Use the Periodic Table to find the atomic number of Sc (scandium). The atomic number is 21, which means that scandium has 21 protons. While a neutral atom for scandium would have the same number of electrons as protons, the ion is shown to have a 3 charge. This means it has 3 fewer electrons than the neutral atom or 21 - 3 18 electrons. Answer The Sc3 ion contains 21 protons and 18 electrons. Protons and Electrons in Polyatomic Ions When you are working with polyatomic ions (ions consisting of groups of atoms), the number of electrons is greater than the sum of the atomic numbers of the atoms for an anion and less than this value for a cation.

Tourism in Antarctica

Tourism in Antarctica Antarctica has become one of the worlds most popular tourist destinations. Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000 today. All activities in Antarctica are heavily regulated by the Antarctic Treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). History of Tourism in Antarctica The first expedition to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eric Lindblad. Lindblad wanted to give tourists a first-hand experience on the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continents role in the world. The modern expedition cruise industry was born shortly after, in 1969, when Lindblad built the worlds first expedition ship, the MS Lindblad Explorer, which was specifically designed to transport tourists to Antarctica. In 1977, both Australia and New Zealand started to offer scenic flights to Antarctica through Qantas and Air New Zealand. The flights often flew to the continent without landing and returned to the departure airport. The experience was an average 12 to 14 hours with up to 4 hours flying directly over the continent. The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was due in large part to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979, in which a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 aircraft carrying 237 passengers and 20 crew members collided into Mount Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica, killing all onboard. Flights to Antarctica did not resume again until 1994. Despite the potential hazards and risks, tourism to Antarctica continued to grow. According to IAATO, 34,354 travelers visited the continent between 2012 and 2013. Americans contributed to the largest share with 10,677 visitors, or 31.1%, followed by Germans (3,830/11.1%), Australians (3,724/10.7%), and the British (3,492/10.2%). The remainder of the visitors were from China, Canada, Switzerland, France, and elsewhere. IAATO The IAATOs original visitor and tour operator guidelines served as the basis in the development of the Antarctic Treaty Recommendation XVIII-1, which includes guidance for Antarctic visitors and for non-government tour organizers. Some of the mandated guidelines include: Do not disturb wildlife either at sea or on landDo not feed or touch animals or photograph in a way that will disturbDo not damage plants or bring invasive speciesDo not damage, destroy, or remove artifacts from historic sites. This includes rocks, bones, fossils, and content of buildingsDo not interfere with scientific equipment, study sites, or field campsDo not walk onto glaciers or large snowfields unless properly trainedDo not litter There are currently over 58 vessels registered with the IAATO. Seventeen of the vessels are categorized as yachts, which can transport up to 12 passengers, 28 are considered category 1 (up to 200 passengers), 7 are category 2 (up to 500), and 6 are cruise ships, capable of housing anywhere from 500 to 3,000 visitors. Tourism in Antarctica Today Most ships depart from South America, particularly Ushuaia in Argentina, Hobart in Australia, and Christchurch or Auckland, New Zealand. The principal destination is the Antarctic Peninsula region, which includes the Falkland Islands and South Georgia. Certain private expeditions may include visits to inland sites, including Mt .Vinson (Antarcticas highest mountain) and the geographic South Pole. An expedition can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. Yachts and category 1 ships generally land on the continent with a duration lasting approximately 1 - 3 hours. There can be between 1-3 landings per day using inflatable crafts or helicopters to transfer visitors. Category 2 ships typically sail the waters with or without landing and cruise ships carrying more than 500 passengers are no longer operational as of 2009 due to concerns of oil or fuel spills. Most of the activities while on land include visits to operational scientific stations and wildlife sties, hiking, kayaking, mountaineering, camping, and scuba-diving. Excursions are always accompanied by seasoned staff members, which often includes an ornithologist, marine biologist, geologist, naturalist, historian, general biologist, and/or glaciologist. A trip to Antarctica can range anywhere from as little as $3,000-$4,000 to over $40,000, depending on the scope of transportation, housing, and activity needs. The higher end packages typically involve air transport, on-site camping, and a visit to the South Pole. References British Antarctic Survey (2013, September 25). Antarctic Tourism. Retrieved from: antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/tourism/faq.php International Association of Antarctica Tour Operations (2013, September 25). Tourism Overview. Retrieved from: http://iaato.org/tourism-overview

The Maltese Youth Policy 2004 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Maltese Youth Policy 2004 - Essay Example The policy covers the psychological, mental and physical realms of young people's health. Since the policy focuses on prevention rather than treatment, this is a wise approach by the Maltese government because it implies that they have realised that good health starts at an early age. This objective is to be implemented through establishment of health education. (Youth Forum, 2006a) The Maltese Youth Policy is also quite unswerving in its approach because it focuses on some of the dangerous activities that youth engage in and those that can be detrimental to their health. This has been achieved through placement of professionals to deal with those dangerous issues e.g. unprotected sex, addiction, promiscuity, careless driving, malnutrition and dangerous leisure activities. The Policy also considers the fact that youth need to be protected in their work places and therefore introduces the issue of promotion of safety standards within workplaces. There are some weaknesses in the policy too. The first is the fact that very little has been done to address the issue of diversity within the nation yet there are a number of foreign youth in the country. Additionally, the policy has described all the issues that need to be addressed but it has not implemented some of these issues. Part of the reason why implementation has been slow was because some of the terms in the policy are ambiguous. For example, the policy claims that it will 'promote' health as part of the holistic approach to health. However, details on how this can be achieved have not been clearly laid out. Additionally, the policy has not specified which age groups or classes will need health education. The policy has made a sweeping statement about the importance of early education as a base for healthy living yet there are various interpretations to the term 'early'. (Eurodesk, 2004) A Critique of the Youth Health policy in Slovakia, Britain and Finland The Youth Policy in Britain focuses on a number of issues facing young members of society. Some of them include; embracing diversity within the nations' youth agenda, promoting participation of the youth in activities that affect their country including sports and many others. However, there is very little focus on health. Despite giving numerous suggestions on how the overall well being of the youth can be improved, there is still little effort to link those suggestions to health. (ESPNsoccernet, 2008) However, there are some positive aspects about the policy too. The policy initiated a campaign against unhealthy eating habits and childhood obesity. It also created a personal health initiative where there would be focus on the young people between the ages of twelve and thirteen. This was introduced in order to assist young people in the process of making a transition from their teenage years into later stages of life. However, even this initiative is not all encompassing as it has not looked at emotional and mental aspects of health. All in all, one can conclude that the Youth Policy in Britain is quite elaborate but lacks precision under the health agenda. The Youth Policy in Finland is examined after every ten years through the Youth Act. The last change was

Intro legal writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intro legal writing - Essay Example This had the effect of changing the entire society as people intermarried and adopted the ways of the Europeans. So instead of native tribal dynasties, a feudal system was established to facilitate payments where previous commercial transactions were conducted using only the barter system. The Normans were able to introduce certain legal concepts such as prison reforms for common criminals only in areas under their control. The Norman legal and political systems was at best patchy, uneven and confusing. Like most other areas of Northern Europe, the Irish legal system prevailed in the areas not controlled by the Normans. This Irish legal system was known as the Brehon Law (brehon means judge in the Irish language) and co-existed with the Normal system after the invasion, took a resurgence during the thirteenth century and went on until around the seventeenth century. Early Irish law during this period was a collection of statutes and these were not written down but in oral traditions governing everyday life. Laws were more inclined towards civil aspects rather than a criminal code to regulate inheritance, property and contracts in a hierarchical society but they also provided fines for the criminals. Early Irish traditional laws reflected pre-Christian practices and beliefs which were often in conflict with Canon Laws during the early Christian period. In other words, it was an odd mixture of secular laws existing in parallel with Christian influences with one odd feature which was the use of surety to compel compliance with a legal decision. It is generally agreed among historians that old Irish law was often inconsistent due to the mixing of old laws with the dictates of the Church as well as forced adaptation and innovation during that time into the legal system. However, there were two recognized schools of thought as far as Irish laws were concerned and these are the Bretha Nemed and the

Exam3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam3 - Essay Example In the 1820s and the 1830s, the scenario was not about excessive trusts running monopolies like the Rockefellers and the other robber barons, or scandals of hedge funds and financial markets like recently witnessed. The 1820s and 1830s were times of excessive banking operations that were thought to stifle the welfare of the ordinary citizen who did not have meaningful financial enlightenment and economic power. Jacksonians therefore viewed themselves as breaking the mighty alliance created by the Federal Bank and the Second Bank of the United States with their massive powers over the economy. The struggle was provoked by the recognition among elites that foreign money from European Jewish investors would give such foreigners excessive power over the very government and the Jacksonians successfully affected a redress. The Jacksonians therefore believed in expanded suffrage, manifest destiny by enriching the whites, patronage of elected officials appointing their supporters to positions and strict constitutionalism to avoid the meddle of the private institutions encroachment of state sovereignty. They believed thus in laissez-faire economics so that individuals would channel their destinies. Jacksonians reviled the centralization of political and economic power in the state. The central government was seen as the enemy of individual liberties and they effectively initiated reforms in the Democratic Party to make useful changes. 2. Use TWO of the following categories to analyze the ways in which African Americans created a distinctive culture in slavery: Family, Music, Oral traditions, Religions. African Americans created distinctive slave cultures due to the conditioning they received from their masters. The interactions between masters and slaves was characterised by indoctrination and Christianization. Whereas the slave always viewed his master as a monarch, their languishing in helplessness would only intensify their quest for spiritual redemption in

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay - 5

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts - Essay Example The study of these components forms the basis of OB. This can be done by taking a systemic approach and treating the organization as a complex unit. Organizational culture  is a concept in the field of  Organizational studies  and  management  which describes the  attitudes, experiences, beliefs and  values  of an  organization. It has been defined as "the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with  stakeholders  outside the organization. As outlined in the OB introduction, these are the principles that dictate the conduct of the individual in the organizational setup and hence it is important to observe the culture of an organization to decide on the favorable or unfavorable environment towards the employees. Diversity relates to the composition of the workforce in an organization according to ethnic, gender, race and other divisions. In the current context where transnational companies have a significant presence around the world, the concept of Diversity in the workplace has assumed importance. According to the law, every organization is supposed to be an equal opportunity employer that means that it cannot discriminate on the basis of race, gender or personal proclivities when hiring applicants. Organizational communication, broadly speaking, is: people working together to achieve individual or collective goals. Any organization is like a complex system in which individuals are guided by a shared vision and hence use communication to achieve their goals and in the process achieve the organizational goals as well. There cannot be a system where the communication channels are clogged or there is lack of communication at different levels and between levels of the hierarchy. The structure of most organizations is such that it allows for communication to be top-down. What is needed is a structure that allows for bottom up

The Criminal Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Criminal Justice System - Essay Example lations (LegalMatch, 2012) â€Å"Theft or common theft, assault and battery, drink driving, vandalism, public drunkenness, resisting arrests, obstructing or resisting a police officer, trespassing, disorderly conduct, breach of the peace, failure to appear in court, prostitutionâ€Å". These crimes normally have a penalty of no longer than one year and are not considered to be serious offenses. The serious offenses normally fall under felony charges such as (LegalMatch, 2012) â€Å"murder/homicide, rape, drug trafficking, child abuse, gun possession, burglary, money laundering, and child pornography†. Such serious offenses are considered highly serious and have punishments that vary from state to state, depending upon the courts deemed severity of the offense. Having clearly defined the difference of the two crimes based upon the description of offenses, it is safe to say that one would much rather be accused of a misdemeanor rather than a felony. That is if one finds himself facing legal action as a result of his own personal actions or reactions to situations concerning him. As per the police records submitted to us, you were charged with a Misdemeanor Breach of Peace charge. This was charge was the result of your involvement in the bar room brawl that occurred at last Friday between your boyfriend and another bar patron. You have asked me to advise you with regard to what kind of penalty you are looking at and for how long. I am please to inform you that since you are charged with a misdemeanor, your penalty will not be longer than one year. Our federal government has indicated that the punishment for misdemeanor offense such as yours â€Å"... carry a maximum punishment of one year of incarceration usually is served in a local jail. â€Å" (wiseGeek, 2012). I therefore advice you not to worry as there is even a very strong possibility that, should you plead guilty or be found guilty of involvement in the misdemeanor charge, â€Å"If a jail sentence is imposed, it is

Three components of the transmission mechanism,through which the Essay

Three components of the transmission mechanism,through which the expansionary policy works - Essay Example An expansionary monetary policy works by increasing the supply of money available in the economy.The recessionary gap is handled by the corresponding increase in demand which tends to create employment in the shorter run. As soon as the economy is supplied with money, the aggregate demand level rises from its previous state as shown in Figure 1 below. The demand level tends to rise from the existing AD1 level to a new AD2 level. In turn this increase in demand triggers an increase in the price level which tends to rise from an existing level of P1 to P2 which can be seen as inflation (Mankiw, Kneebone and McKenzie 503). As a consequence of price hikes, the inflation rate tends to increase as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 below. The short term Phillips Curve shows a linear increase as the amount of inflation rises but the long term Phillips Curve shows a vertical increase as the aggregate demand rises. If money is supplied to the economy at a fast rate, the outcome would be a small c hange in the overall employment rate since inflationary pressure would curb the economic growth. In contrast, if money is supplied to the economy relatively slowly, there would be a smaller increase in overall inflation and hence the net employment gain would be greater. In order to control a recessionary gap, the government has to offer the economy greater liquidity by increasing the supply of money. However, it must be kept in mind that the rate of supply of money has to be relatively low so that long term inflationary pressures do not set in. ... Fiscal policy can be controlled by increasing or decreasing government spending as well as by manipulating the taxation levels of ordinary households. A contractionary fiscal policy reduces the supply of money to the economy. When the supply of money to the economy decreases, the aggregate demand reduces from its existing level to a lower level. This leads to a contraction of the aggregate demand which in turn reduces the overall output levels in the economy. Consequently, the contractionary fiscal policy moves the economy along the short run Phillips curve as shown in Figure 4 below. In the longer run, the economy shifts vertically along the Phillips curve which leads to a reduction in the overall inflation rate with a minimal effect on the overall employment levels (Mankiw, Kneebone and McKenzie 512). Figure 4 - Disinflationary monetary policy in the short run and long run When the amount of government spending tends to increase, it increases the overall money supply in the economy . As a result, the demand for money in the economy tends to rise from MD1 to MD2 as shown in Figure 5. Consequently, the interest rate tends to rise which leads to a net reduction in the investment levels and puts reduction pressure on aggregate demand. The aggregate demand level tends to rise though it fails to meet its expected level of increase. While the expected level of increase in the aggregate demand curve should be from AD1 to AD2 but it actually increases only to aggregate demand levels between actual level and expected level to AD3 as shown in Figure 6. The reduction of the aggregate demand as soon as a fiscal expansion takes place is better known as the crowding out effect (Mankiw, Kneebone and McKenzie 487). Figure 5 - The money market Figure 6 - Changes in

The Criminal Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Criminal Justice System - Essay Example lations (LegalMatch, 2012) â€Å"Theft or common theft, assault and battery, drink driving, vandalism, public drunkenness, resisting arrests, obstructing or resisting a police officer, trespassing, disorderly conduct, breach of the peace, failure to appear in court, prostitutionâ€Å". These crimes normally have a penalty of no longer than one year and are not considered to be serious offenses. The serious offenses normally fall under felony charges such as (LegalMatch, 2012) â€Å"murder/homicide, rape, drug trafficking, child abuse, gun possession, burglary, money laundering, and child pornography†. Such serious offenses are considered highly serious and have punishments that vary from state to state, depending upon the courts deemed severity of the offense. Having clearly defined the difference of the two crimes based upon the description of offenses, it is safe to say that one would much rather be accused of a misdemeanor rather than a felony. That is if one finds himself facing legal action as a result of his own personal actions or reactions to situations concerning him. As per the police records submitted to us, you were charged with a Misdemeanor Breach of Peace charge. This was charge was the result of your involvement in the bar room brawl that occurred at last Friday between your boyfriend and another bar patron. You have asked me to advise you with regard to what kind of penalty you are looking at and for how long. I am please to inform you that since you are charged with a misdemeanor, your penalty will not be longer than one year. Our federal government has indicated that the punishment for misdemeanor offense such as yours â€Å"... carry a maximum punishment of one year of incarceration usually is served in a local jail. â€Å" (wiseGeek, 2012). I therefore advice you not to worry as there is even a very strong possibility that, should you plead guilty or be found guilty of involvement in the misdemeanor charge, â€Å"If a jail sentence is imposed, it is

Why a Black Would Chose Conservatism over Liberalism Essay

Why a Black Would Chose Conservatism over Liberalism - Essay Example As the report declares liberals and conservatives share the same political principles, differing only in degree. While both believe in public and private sector, liberals call for a larger government than do the conservatives. Conservatives rely on religion and tradition while liberalism believes in science and collectivism. A study conducted by the Bay Area Center For Voting Research shows that the liberals remaining in the nation are the African Americans although the black Church is supposed to be ‘conservative’. This research stresses that conservatism is a state of mind and a type of character; it is a way of looking at the social order. It has a set of traditional principles and philosophy. Conservatism calls for personal responsibility as one part of the social contract and understands the importance of collective responsibility. Relationship has to be built with everyone and not by creating a mental discrimination that they are oppressed by the whites. The blacks need to remove this mental block from their minds. The blacks are interested in conserving their past. They were denied emancipation and integration; they were taxed without representation and denied access to education too. Through various governments, from Ronald Reagan to George Bush, they always remained INFERIOR; they were blamed for crimes and drugs, and suffered inhuman treatment. Conservatism in the black community is widely associated with white racism.

Impact of Innovation on Organisations

Impact of Innovation on Organisations Throughout this report, it will be explained, the different approaches organizations can take to encourage innovation and what factors will influence on organizations to achieve business success or not. The factors will be furthermore explained with the real life examples and it will illustrate the diversity of experience among organisations. As examples, the present leader in consumer electronic industry the â€Å"Samsung Corporation† and the ex-leader of mobile phone industry â€Å"Nokia Corporation† are considered here. What is innovation? Innovation is an important concept in modern strategic management since it has a pervasive influence on the performances of the organisation. It also signifies how well the organisation adapts according to new market trends and the way it responds to its market rivals with superior innovations. Furthermore innovation can be defined as Organisational innovation means the implementation of a new organisational method in the undertaking’s business practices, workplace organisation or external relations. Changes in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations that are based on organisational methods already in use in the undertaking, changes in management strategy, mergers and acquisitions, ceasing to use a process, simple capital replacement or extension, changes resulting purely from changes in factor prices, customisation, regular seasonal and other cyclical changes, trading of new or significantly improved products are not considered innovations. (Official Journal of the European Union 2006) According to Paul Trott, the definition of innovation can be expressed as follows. (Trott 2005) Influences of Innovation on organizations Now there are few additional questions which arise. Why does an organisation/business need to be innovative? Is it compulsory? Is it beneficial to the society and the organisation itself? â€Å"Yes† is the answer for all those questions and, same as other major factors the priority should be given to innovation too otherwise organisations don’t survive in the field. Innovation can be a facilitator for the development and success of any organisation. By being innovative in an organisation it does not imply success. Innovation could mean changing the business model and adapting to changes according to the environment to provide better products or services. Types of Innovation In ‘Innovation Management and New Product Development’ book Paul Trott has stated there are seven different types of innovations could be implemented in an organisation. (Trott 2005) Product Innovation Process innovation Organisational Innovation Management Innovation Production Innovation Commercial/Marketing Innovation Service Innovation Samsung’s Innovative Approach As the first example, Samsung’s successful and strong approach of innovation is explained here. Since the beginning of the Samsung, the innovation has been core factor of its success. The history of Samsung goes back to when Byung-Chull Lee started a small business in Daegu called ‘Samsung’ in 1st of March 1938. It was primarily focused on exporting dried fish, fruits and vegetables to China. From its beginning as a small trading company, Samsung has developed to a world’s largest corporation with industries that including semiconductors, advance technology, building and plant construction, fashion, petrochemical, hotels, medicine, finance and more. Its inventions and discoveries breakthrough products have allowed them to be a forerunner in these fields, continuously pushing the industries forward. (Samsung 2015) As a global company Samsung has approximately 490, 000 employees which more than Apple, Google and Microsoft combined. Samsung also operates in more than 80 countries worldwide. Samsung’s turnover in 2013 is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ©228.692 trillion according to the Samsung Corporation’s Financial Statements. (Samsung Sustainability Report 2013) According to Paul Trott’s seven types of innovations Samsung’s innovative approach has developed over the time can be described as follows. Product innovation: How advanced it is technologically either in terms of its production, or its productive processes? Samsung was founded 1938 as a small business which mainly targeted on fish and vegetable exporting. After seven decades it became the world largest consumer electronics manufacturer. Samsung has developed to a world’s largest corporation with industries that including semiconductors, advance technology, building and plant construction, fashion, petrochemical, hotels, medicine, finance and more. Samsung has manufacturing and assembly plants over 80 countries around the world. Samsung has a good reputation in consumer electronic products and recently became famous for its iconic designs of curved displays (4K UHD Curved TVs and Galaxy S6 Edge). Samsung’s new â€Å"Foundry Technological Development Centre† is focused on highly advanced technology development such as microchips, memory cards, solid state drives etc. and its manufacturing plants have excellent manufacturing ability to supply products to the rapidly expanding IT market. Figure 1: Foundry Technology Development Centre and Semiconductor RD Centre (Source: www.samsung.com) Organisational innovation: (a new division, new internal communication system, new accounting procedures) Samsung has established an educational system for the whole organisation that covers on all aspects of the environment including its facilities and products. It also offers various educational opportunities to its employees, such as legal education, basic environmental awareness and job-specific education to support and make stronger the culture of Samsung. (Samsung 2015) At the end of December, 2014, the total number of shares outstanding of Samsung Corporation is 170,132,764.The numbers of preferred shares outstanding and common shares outstanding are 22,833,427 (13.4%), 147,299,337 (86.6%) and respectively. (Samsung 2014) Production Innovation: (Quality circles, JIT- Just-in-Time Manufacturing, MRPII Manufacturing Resource Planning II) Samsung follows a smart manufacturing procedure which is tried and tested through successful project implementation. Smart Manufacturing delivers end to end total services, including integrated construction based on manufacturing core values, systematic consulting on business innovation and continuous operation services which led Samsung to its success. (Samsung SDSC Europe 2015) Figure 2: Smart Manufacturing Process of Samsung (Source: http://www.sdse-samsung.com) Process innovation: (development of a new manufacturing or administrative process) Behind the current successfulness of Samsung, there is a big turning point which is adapting Android operating system for smartphones. It was the main reason of Samsung to become the world largest smartphone manufacturer. Management Innovation: (Managers and its strategic level decision takers have required experience to draw upon) Throughout 2012, Samsung Corporation continued to improve its practice of sustainable management with responsible corporate governance. Additionally, to agree with national and international law and regulations, Samsung also adapted a set of ethical standards and values that guide its work procedures and decision making processes. Through a corporate governance structure that focuses on board of director engagement, Samsung works to ensure responsible, transparent and sustainable business management across all operations. (Samsung Sustainability Report 2013) Dr. Oh-Hyun Kwon is the current vice chairman and CEO of Samsung. He joined to Samsung in 1985 and he has done a vital role inside Samsung Corporation which led to the company to rapid development in the semiconductor industry. Samsung is administrated by an independent board of directors who are devoted to serving Samsungs key stakeholders with transparency and integrity. Mr. Choi has been with Samsung for more than 30 years, and he is the visionary leader of oversees Samsungs North American companies. (Samsung 2015) Service Innovation: (Internet-based financial services, ICT servicesetc.) The 21st century is a convergence era during which the offerings and services of divergent industries and technologies are fused and developed. Specially, Samsung foresees that a diverse and smart convergence â€Å"Intelligent Convergence will flourish due to rapid innovation in ICT service technologies. The Samsung SDS, in sync with the intelligent convergence era, offers various solutions that support their customers’ business successes and improve an individuals quality of life by leveraging accumulated ICT service capabilities. Figure 3: Core values of Samsungs Service innovation (Source: www.sdse-samsung.com) Commercial/Marketing Innovation: (New financing, sales approach†¦etc.) Throughout past few years Samsung has gained significant amount of reputation and attained highest customer satisfaction from smart phone users than other competitors due to its innovativeness. Furthermore, Fortune Magazine has analysed Samsung’s corporate culture by utilizing the confidence index and listed it under â€Å"The 100 Best Companies to Work For† since 1998. Samsung has spent around $14 billion (Which is more than Icelands GDP) on marketing and promotion of its products and services in 2013, which is the biggest (as a percentage of its total revenue) advertising budget of any company ever. (Gilbert 2013) Also Samsung has been the Chelsea’s official shirt sponsor since 2005, Africa Cup of Nations 2010 in Angola and Africa Cup of Nations in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea in 2012. (Daryl 2010) Moreover Samsung’s brand name value is $35 billion and it’s in the 8th place of world’s most valuable brands list. Week Approaches of Samsung The following example shows, how strong cultures of other competitors (Apple and Google) are affected on Samsung’s weak approach to a new operation system. Samsung launched its first smartphone operating system called ‘Bada’, which was fully developed by Samsung in 2009. Samsung officially launched it in late 2010, under the ‘Wave’ brand name which is similar to their Android-powered devices which are branded under the â€Å"Galaxy† name. Samsungs this announcement of new Bada OS was a confusing situation for to some people, but Samsung wanted market it under the slogan of â€Å"smartphones for everyone†. At the beginning, Bada OS achieved huge success and at that time it was above the market share of Windows-Phone OS. Samsung helped to turning considerable amount of mobile users into smartphone owners, and Bada seems to be a big part of that. But after few years, due to its lack of 3rd party application support like Whatsapp, Facebook, Skype†¦ etc. people began to question that, does this Bada OS really a smartphone operating system? In 2012, most of third party developers of Bada, left it due to the dramatic decrement of consumers. In late 2012, Samsung announced that they are abandoning Bada OS and they redirected the project to a new operating system called ‘Tizen’ with collaboration of Intel Corporation. Nokia’s Innovative Approach Nokia’s history goes back to 1865, when Fredrik Idestam started his first wood pulp mill at the place called Tammerkoski in South-western Finland. After few years, he opened his second mill on the banks of the ‘Nokianvirta River’ which inspired the name of his company. After decades of development, In 1967, Nokia took its current form as Nokia Corporation as a result of the merging Nokia AB, Finnish Rubber Works which is a manufacturer of tires, rubber boots, and other rubber products founded in 1898, and Finnish Cable Works Ltd, a manufacturer of power and telephone cables founded in 1912. This new Nokia Corporation had five business fields which are rubber, power generation cable, forestry and electronics. (Nokia 2015) Today, Nokia is mainly focusing on three strong businesses which are Nokia Networks (network infrastructure business) Nokia HERE (location intelligence business) and Nokia Technologies (technology development and intellectual property rights activities). From these businesses, Nokia has around 57,000 employees around the world. Nokia is also a major investor in resource and development, with investment through those three business fields more than EUR 2.5 billion in 2013. (Nokia Corporation 2015) Until 2011, Nokia also was a major participant in the mobile devices manufacturing field. But Nokia refused to adapt Google Android operating system to their devices and since then Nokia began to losing its market share slowly. Finally Nokia announced an agreement with Microsoft in September 2013, whereby it would sell substantially all of its Devices Services business to Microsoft and the transaction was completed on April 25, 2014. (Nokia Corporation 2015) Turning point of Nokia Nokia has been a pioneer in the smartphone market and they introduced smartphone trend to the consumers with its own Symbian Series 60 devices in 2002. For the next five-six years, Symbian phones kept the leadership position in the smartphone market. But in 2007, Apple announced iPhone with full touchscreen and application based operating system which is completely new experience to mobile phone users. With that great innovation, Apple Corporation gave a new definition to a smartphone and how it should be. Nokia failed to respond this new iPhone with their innovation and they preferred to stick with their outdated mobile phone operating system and mobile phone designs. As the years passed, more consumers shifted to iPhone and the Symbian mobile platform aged, when compared to iOS and, later Android operating system. At the same time, the smartphones became the trend and more and more mobile phone users decided to use those Android and Apple smartphones instead of â€Å"feature† phones which only could calling, texting and WAP browsing. Wayne Lam who is a senior analyst at HIS has stated â€Å"In hindsight, Nokia should have responded to the iPhone more quickly. They didn’t make the leap of faith onto Windows Phone until 2011. Now they are suffering from their slow response.† On the other hand, Samsung has progressed quickly into the smartphone market and it had the advantage of working from the beginning. However Nokia had a relatively successful smartphone market and platform therefore Nokia didn’t want to give up the exiting market share. (Chang 2012) Conclusion To sum up, Samsung is one of the top-performing businesses in present, and they have sustained high performances and experiences over many decades, and those can be recognised as their strategic methods that involve contribution in global associations, building the links between the top research centres and the industries with vendors. 99% of strategies of Samsung were successful compared to other rivals. Samsung is fully committed in inventing the technologies of future and results-oriented innovations which uplift the existing technologies. After the tragic downfall of Nokia, it is now slowly rising with the acquisition of Microsoft. The current progress of Nokia has been slow, but steady. Nokia finally overtook Motorola in market share in the third quarter of 2013 In the US and became the fourth-largest smartphone vendor In the US. Finally, these both companies went through a stage when their products and service weren’t successful how ever after new adaptations and modifications of strategies and innovations Samsung and Nokia were able to reach the path of success. Bibliography CHANG, Alexandra (2012). Why Nokia Lost Its Handset Sales. [online]. http://www.wired.com/2012/04/5-reasons-why-nokia-lost-its-handset-sales-lead-and-got-downgraded-to-junk/ DARYL (2010). The World’s Biggest Soccer Sponsors. [online]. http://soccerlens.com/the-worlds-biggest-soccer-sponsors/52174/ GILBERT, David (2013). International Business Times. [online]. http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/samsung-14bn-marketing-budget-biggest-history-525979 NOKIA CORPORATION (2015). Our company. [online]. http://company.nokia.com/en/about-us/our-company NOKIA (2015). Our story. [online]. http://company.nokia.com/en/about-us/our-company/our-story OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2006). COMMUNITY FRAMEWORK FOR STATE AID FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND. [online]. http://www.innoviscop.com/definitions/organisational-innovation SAMSUNG (2014). Samsung Ownership Structure. [online]. http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/investor_relations/stock_info/ownership_structure.html SAMSUNG (2015). Samsungs Beginnings. [online]. http://www.samsung.com/uk/aboutsamsung/samsung/history_08.html SAMSUNG SDSC EUROPE (2015). Smart Manufacturing. [online]. http://www.sdse-samsung.com/serviceline/SmartManufacturing.htm TROTT, Paul (2005). Innovation Management and New Product Development.

Masaccio: Innovator of Perspective and Illusion Essay -- essays resear

Masaccio: Innovator of Perspective and Illusion Considered the greatest Florentine painter of the early 1400s, Masaccio is one of the most important figures of Western Art. Tommaso di ser Giovanni Cassai di Simon Guidi was born in 1401 and nicknamed Masaccio Careless Tom because of his attitude. He was apathetic to things like personal appearance and worldly materials, and was thus careless with his possessions. As a child, he concentrated more on his art instead of himself and what others thought about him. He moved from Castel S. Giovanni di Altura to Florence in 1417 to become a pupil of Masolino di Panicale. There, he helped upon innovations of art. In 1422 and 1424, he enrolled in the guild of St. Luke of Florentine Painters. After becoming jaded at the medieval art, Masaccio wanted to make art more realistic and true to life. He constantly studied the idea of perspective in an effort to make his paintings appear natural. Few paintings can be undoubtedly credited to Masaccio, but these are considered masterpieces nonetheless. His greatest work was done on the frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence. These frescoes were started by Masolino and ultimately completed by Fillipinno Lippi years after Masaccio’s death. This chapel is now a significant monument in the history of art. These frescoes had a tremendous impact on Florentine art thereof, and were used as a basis to teach new artists like Michelangelo and Raphael. It is on these wall...

Starbucks Coffee :: Starbucks Coffee Case Study

Starbucks Coffee Table of Contents Introduction 3 Product Analysis 3 Product Overview 3 Market Structure 4 Competition 5 Dunkin Donuts 7 Krispy Kreme 3 McDonalds 8 Panera Bread 8 Elasticity Estimates Pricing Strategy 10 Forecast 12 Determants of Demand 13 Forecast Model 15 Forecast Summary 15 Works Cited Introduction With the economy in trouble, the stock market tanking it is important to start your day with a good cup of coffee to take on these challenges. Can Starbuck’s sustain it business model and place in the market? The paper examines Starbucks business and it respective practices. In 1971, the original Starbucks opened in Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington by three partners named Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegal, and Gordon Bowker. Their focus was to sell coffee beans and equipment. They purchased green coffee beans from Peet’s, a specialty coffee roaster and retailer, during their first year of operation. Later, they began buying coffee beans directly from the growers. In 1983, an entrepreneur by the name of Howard Schultz joined the company; Schultz felt that the company should sell coffee and espresso drinks as well as coffee beans. The partners felt that selling coffee and espresso drinks would take away from their primary focus of selling coffee beans. Since the idea did not work, Schultz started his own company called II Giornale coffee bar chain in 1985. In 1987, the original owners of Starbucks sold their chain to Schultz’s II Giornale. Schultz changed II Giornale outlets to Starbucks chains and quickly began to expand. Starbucks coffee has grown into the largest coffeehouse company in the world with 16,120 stores in 94 countries such as in Australia, Canada, China, Puerto Rico, etc. Starbucks has thirty blends and single origin coffee. Starbucks brand coffee can also be purchased in local stores to brew at home. Starbucks employs over 140,000 employees worldwide with over five million customers a week. At one point they had typical customers coming in on an average of six times a month while loyal customers come in on an average of eighteen times a month spending averaging $50. Starbucks is one of Fortune magazine’s 100 Best Companies to work for in 2008 and is Business Ethics 100 Best Corporate Citizens for the fourth year. Product Analysis Product Overview Starbucks product line has grown to include fresh brewed coffee, hot and iced espresso beverages, coffee and non coffee blended beverages, Tazo tea, baked pastries, sandwiches, and salads. Starbucks paraphernalia includes coffee grinders, espresso machines, coffee brewers, music CD’s, books, movies and gift cards.

Essay on Tension Essay

The ‘Turn of the Screw’, which was written in the late nineteenth century, is acclaimed by critics for the build up of tension and the suspenseful atmosphere that its author, Henry James, creates throughout the novella. James achieves this by exploiting several characters and features of the book. James manipulates the prologue of the novella by creating a group of listeners who are in anticipation for the story; furthermore the character who narrates the story is not immediately able to retrieve the manuscript, this deliberate slow down of tempo, builds suspense preceding the tale and it prepares the reader for a thrilling story. The setting of the novella is also used to build atmosphere, a technique that James regularly employs is contrasting a moment of tranquil with one of danger. This produces a sharp difference and thus makes the scene of peril seem even more suspenseful. The ghosts of Quint and Jessel are perhaps the largest contributors to the atmosphere and tension within the novel; James uses both ghosts to create a threat to the children which causes tremendous tension and it is the central plot in the book. The children themselves are also manipulated by James to create atmosphere, their behaviour is continually reiterated as perfect and virtuous to such an extent that the reader is almost persuaded to think that their is something not quite natural about them. James uses the prologue to introduce the story and also to create a suspenseful atmosphere about what is to follow. During the prologue there are a group of guests who James uses to create tension. These listeners evidently enjoy listening to stories, especially if they involve ghosts and horror. â€Å"†¦ sufficiently breathless†, â€Å"no comment was uttered† are phrases which are used to describe their attitude towards the stories, clearly conveying the interest and avidness that the guests and frame narrator have for the stories being told. The listeners create an atmosphere of eagerness for the story which is very effective since James’ readers might also imitate this feeling. The character of Douglas plays a pivotal to the build up of tension in the prologue. Upon the first mention of his story, he plays on the emotions of the listeners by continually reiterating how horrifying and terrible the story that he has all of them waiting in anticipation for is. â€Å"It is quite too horrible†, â€Å"nothing at all that I know touches it†; Douglas is gradually building up the suspense before his story by mentioning how ‘horrible’ it is, this feeling of impending disaster that the other guests wait in buoyant expectancy for, before knowing the full details of the story adds to an atmosphere of suspense. The combined facts that the manuscript has to be sent for and further compounded by the knowledge that is locked away also contributes to the same effect, the prolonged wait for the manuscript adds to a feeling of avidness for the story and also the fact that it is locked away has cryptive connotations which suggest that its contents are so terrible that it must be kept away from the world. By now it seems that Douglas appears to have his listeners transfixed upon him and have necessity to listen to his story. The interjection, â€Å"oh how delicious† which was cried by one of the women present; the term ‘delicious’ possibly infers a feeling which is almost desperation for the story. Likewise the way, in which the audience gives a â€Å"unanimous groan†, when the telling of the tale is delayed suggests that they long to hear the story. This deliberate slow down, builds up the tension to what the audience and reader are prepared for a gruelling tale. The gradual build up of suspense through the prologue preludes the main story, in order to exemplify an atmosphere of anticipation and dread of what is to follow. James now uses the setting of the novella to create tension. He allows us to see into the Governess’ mind and we, like her anticipate Bly to be a place of dread since she â€Å"had expected something so melancholy†. It is usual for one to expect that a large country estate which is the setting of a ghost story will be isolated, old and gothic. James cleverly manipulates our assumptions to create an atmosphere of tension. Instead of the gothic building that we expect, we are introduced to something much more pleasant; the Governess upon her arrival is surprised and delighted at what she sees â€Å"what greeted me was a good surprise†¦ I remember as a most pleasant impression†. This peaceful setting lulls the reader into a false sense of security, however at the back of our minds is the idea from the prologue that the story will be horrifying which makes the reader suspicious of the circumstances surrounding the following events; thus creating an atmosphere of tension. This same technique is used before the introduction of Peter Quint. In the pages preceding his apparition there is a vivid description of an idyllic setting such as â€Å"the beauty and dignity of the place†¦ golden sky†. James does this in order to produce a sharp contrast when the ghost appears, making the emergence of the ghost more of a shock and therefore more terrifying for his audience. With the ghost of Peter Quint now firmly entrenched within the story, James uses him as a key contributor for creating an atmosphere of tension. James uses Miss Grose’s detestable presentation of Quint while he was alive in order to create tension. She describes him as â€Å"Impudent and depraved†, â€Å"spoiled†, these quotations give a negative impression of Quint and portray him as an antagonist. However perhaps worst of all he is also related by Grose as â€Å"clever and deep†, exemplifying him as calculating and sinister. Because of his negative introduction the reader is therefore continually persuaded to think of Quint as a dangerous to the children. Upon each appearance Quint is seen closer to the Governess and hence successively more threatening and horrifying. Additionally each time Quint appears he is closer to the children, leading us to suspect that his apparitions are with some sort of intention rather than random. As a result of our perception of him as somebody dangerous and also because he is getting closer and closer to the governess, the reader feels the suspense gradually building since we see him as a threat to both the Governess and the children. The first time she sees him he is distanced at the top of a tower although still narrating the scene as â€Å"stricken with death† suggesting dread, horror and fear. The second time there is only a window separating them and the governess by saying â€Å"A nearness that†¦ Made me catch my breath and turn cold†, makes the point clear that it was the closeness that made it more fearsome. However on the third appearance which is described as the most formidable, they are adjacent to one another, it is this that made the experience so terrifying according to the governess, â€Å"At such close quarters that gave the whole horror†. By making Quint continually more frightful James creates tension because the reader is constantly anticipating more horrifying encounters.

Women in the Workplace

From running for president, making up over half of the workforce, managing some of the world’s most successful companies, and earning almost 60% of university degrees in America and Europe, women’s presence in the workforce is more prominent today than ever. This â€Å"economic empowerment of women† is changing the workplace, as we know it. Only 20 years ago, women were viewed as only capable of unskilled jobs and were assumed to place marriage and children before having a career. In today’s society, women have more opportunities to have power over their lives and chose their career path. In today’s global economy, every country should be utilizing the talents of their women in their workforce. For many countries, this progress has not been the same as America. For example, in Italy and Japan men employment rates are more than 20 percentage points higher and women’s employment rate is still below 50%. On average, women still earn significantly less than men and are a minority in top management. Remarkable Social Change without Conflict The Economist found three surprising results from the increase of women in the workforce: the lack of privilege felt from women about their new opportunities, unmet expectations of women’s role in the workforce and the lack of resistance from society, especially men. The lack of celebration from women is believed to be because of the economic necessity of women to work. Today, most households are two-income and women have little choice as to whether they want to work or not. Their contribution is the only way for many households to maintain their standard of living after having children. Also, many young women take this opportunity to work for granted, because they have grown up in a welcoming environment where women were always part of the workforce. Although women are encouraged to enter the work force, only 2% are managers and less than 13% are board members. Men dominate top management. America and Britain’s average full-time, female workers earn only about 80% as much as their male counterpart. Finally, most Americans are comfortable with women in the workforce with 9 out of 10 men are even comfortable with women earning more than they do. The minimal resistance to this social trend, especially by men, has allowed it to adapt rapidly and with little conflict. Contributing Factors to this Social Change A major explanation for increased women in the workforce is the large amount of women who are university graduates and professional workers. Growth of higher education has increased women’s value in the job market and has caused a shift in the woman role model as professional women, not just homemakers. According to The Economist, in 1963, 62% of college-educated women were in the workforce whereas 46% of those who had a high school diploma. Today, 80% of American women with a college education are in the workforce in contrast to 67% with a high school diploma and 47% without one. Women are also educated in more â€Å"marketable subjects† such as business and management. In 1966, 40% of women obtained a degree in education and 2% in business and management. Where as today, 12% obtain degrees in education and 50% obtain degrees in business and management. Engineering and computer science are one of the few areas women are lagging in. Politics have had a major effect on this revolution. Feminists have made domestic slavery unacceptable. Feminists have also strongly criticize discrimination toward women in the work place. We’ve even seen equal-rights acts passed in order to assure an equal playing ground in the work force for men and women of all ethnicities. Economic and technological forces have also played a role in the empowerment of women in the workforce. There has been a growing demand for women in the workforce. When strength was required to work, men had the advantage. The growth in the service sector and decline in the manufacturing sector has made brainpower more of a demand in the work force. This puts men and women on a more equal playing ground. Lastly, women have been more than willing and able to meet the demands of being in the workforce. Many factors play a role in this. For example, traditional cleaning is done easier and quicker than before. The contraceptive pill has allowed women to get married late, increased their ability to invest in their careers, and allowed them to finish schooling instead of taking breaks due to childbirth. Major Challenges Faced with a Woman Workforce Two major challenges have occurred with the increase of women in the workforce. First, women continue to be under-represented in top management, with only 2% in America and 5% in Britain, and are paid considerably less than men. Secondly, it is very demanding for women to manage both their career and their family. In America, 74% of parents believe they don’t spend enough time with their children because they are constantly juggling their work and home life. In two-parent working households, childcare consumes a large proportion of the budget, but having one parent stay at home could result in much lower income for family expenses. Therefore, having only one income is not an option. Poor households are affected the most because of the large amount of poor mothers in the workforce and the unwillingness to spend public funds on childcare for these mothers. Career Woman vs. Motherhood As women become more and more prevalent in the workforce, they find themselves choosing between being successful in their careers and being a stay-at-home mother. Many women are in challenging careers in their 20s, leave in their 30s to have children and find it hard to return after their leave of absence. Of all the women who left work to have children, 93% of women wanted to return to work, but only 74% returned to work, only 40% returning full-time. Also, many women find the role of motherhood damaging to their professional career. Those women in corporate America who don’t have children earn as much as men, where as mothers earn less and single mothers even less. The Economist explains that the â€Å"cost of motherhood† is great for women in professional careers because wages increase abruptly and schedules are very demanding. Many times executives are expected to work in numerous departments and travel often. Therefore, the gap ii pay and positions between men and women may be because women are measured exactly the same as men, not because of discrimination or unfair treatment. This trend is producing high cost on individuals and society because many professional women are eliminating motherhood altogether or are forced into the fertility industry when they do decide to have children. Solutions for these Challenges For the most part, people believe that this trend will handle itself. Others argue that government intervention such as women quotas, state-funded daycares, extended paid maternity leave, â€Å"parent’s salary,† earlier preschool education, or the elimination of part-time jobs is necessary to fix these problems. The Economist discusses how these different alternatives have been used in other countries with success, but there is not enough evidence to show these measures have created the success. In fact, America has had many of the same results as these countries without taking such drastic measures. There are less dramatic steps that the American government can take to improve and ease women into the workforce. These include alterations such as longer school days and shorter summer holidays or closing midday. The struggle with fixing problems from â€Å"the social consequences of women’s economic empowerment† will continue for decades to come. The Future of Women in the Workforce This trend of women in the workforce is likely to continue to grow and is apparent throughout all aspects of business. The Economist predicts that by 2011, there will be 2. 6 million more female than male university students. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that women already compose more than 2/3 of employment in 10 of the 15 job categories today. Many women are also opening their own business, doubling that of men in the last 10 years. Women will also benefit from the â€Å"war for talent† because of the ageing workforce and need for skill-dependent workers. Many firms are dividing hours differently such as judging hours annually instead of weekly, allowing them to come in early or late, allowing Fridays off as long as hours are made up, and even allowing husbands and wives to share jobs. The corporate world is even making adjustments to encourage women into the workforce and help with the juggle of raising children and working such as rethinking promotional practices and sustain communication with mothers who are away from work due to their children, allowing them to work from home, or offering flexible scheduling. With the advancement of technology – Internet, e-mail, and conferencing – redesigning the workplace is much more possible.

Creative ownership, rights, personal ethics Essay

Creative ownership pertains to the right of an individual to possess his creative works such as discoveries, know-how, art works and writings In such, creative works are subjected to intellectual property rights wherein the creators or the owners are granted the rights to reproduce, modify or make an adaptation of his work, display or perform publicly and distribute either by sale or donation. As the right owner, full credit will be given to him for his work allowing the general public to access his work. However, to maintain the balance, time limits are set on the creator’s control over a particular work. Levels of human intellectual activity, innovativeness and effort to produce creative works vary amongst individual and define the quality and depth of the creative works. It is but ethical to commend and attribute the creator of his personal portrayal and output. It will encourage the creators and authors to do more of the creative works and further develop their crafts. Although the copyright owner can sell the rights, he has the moral right to be cited as the original author, the right to object to distortion or defacement and the right to object to be named as the author of mutilated copy. Although the U. S. Intellectual Property Law keep on modifying especially to the number of years the creator have a full control of his creative work and the cost of the patent or right, it generally aims to protect the right of the creator and writer from piracy and false claims. Consequently, the benefits and the rights to own and sell the creative works awarded to him will be on his control and discretion. At that, proper acknowledgement and credit will be given to him coupled with the creator’s prestige and satisfaction which will contribute to his fulfillment. REFERENCES: http://web. mit. edu/tlo/www/community/guide1. html. Guide to the Ownership, Distribution and Commercial Development of M. I. T. Technology. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Five Cambridge Center, Kendall Square Madhavan, Mahesh. Intellectual Property Rights (Primer). JISC Legal. 2006 www. law. duke. edu/journals/dltr/articles/2005dltr0012. html

Efficient market hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Efficient market hypothesis - Essay Example For the case of semi-strong form, the prices of securities depend on the present and past information and not on the future expected information. Finally, the strong form contend that the prices of securities in the market reflect all the information i.e. past, present and future and that this information is in the domain of all the investors (Schwert 21). There is no opportunity to make abnormal returns in a strong market. The strong market supports the efficient market hypothesis, as it is this form where investors are never in a position to make abnormal profits without incurring higher risk. The other two forms: weak and semi-strong form fails to support the EMH because not all investors are privy to all the information about the market and therefore some investors are in a position to make above average rate of return without taking above average risks (Schwert 23). I however believe that there is no efficient market. This is because the assumption in which the EMH is hinged are ideal i.e. that there are no transaction costs, that all investors have all past, present and future information and that the stock markets are efficient. These assumptions are idyllic and unattainable. Markets can therefore be in either the weak or semi- strong form in which case some investors have more information than others can. This can be shown from the many cases in which those in management positions have used ins ider information. Economists and psychologists in the behavioral finance sector however argue that in the short run, efficient markets are unattainable. This is because the prices of securities are influenced by other psychological factors like those that the expectation in future prices. They further assert that security prices cannot be disseminated equally because of the bandwagon effect. Investors will therefore consider other factors in the

Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA) - No Specific subject yet Thesis Proposal

Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA) - No Specific subject yet - Thesis Proposal Example As experience has it, with a sudden change of that person, system appears back firing than functioning as per the previous standards. Despite the Drills, SOPs, Regulations, besides all the money and material benefits, the work force seem capable of disrupting the harmony and productivity of the system. Though, previous century witnessed enormous research in this regard. Management techniques have been revolutionized than 20th century methods, with increased economic incentives and social securities / assurance to the working force, yet it appears that Human element still tops complicating the Business triangle. With huge investments in personality development and skills honing, management transformation and all necessary amendments in coercion removal, still some irritant asks further pondering upon. The point offers a food for thought to further explore and work upon the Human and system factor to overcome flaws and suggest ways to help gear up the business machinery in forward motion. Reasons for deterioration on part of any organization may be attributed to both the linear or parallel way between management and work force. Partly the rigidity of the system and its requirements and partly Socio – Psycho make and type of the stake holders may be blamed. System’s Inability to drive and demand output through systematic checks and â€Å"will and skill matrix† of the persons involved running matters also affect the cohesiveness of the system. Ease of access to info and layered complexity of the life, where, tensions control attitudes, do have a part in play. Change, certainly is the hardest of idea to enforce as Jack Welch would have put it â€Å"Change Yourself Before†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.† R’aisen Detre calls for re evaluation of the existing management practices and re defining these outmoding norms amid transnational competitive work environment. Probably that’s why management level

How does FTAs(Free Trade Agreements) affect between U.S and South Essay

How does FTAs(Free Trade Agreements) affect between U.S and South Korea - Essay Example And now they are finally reached an agreement for free trade between two countries. And South Koreans are quiet happy over it, because South Koreans economic analysts felt that as a unilateral threat. It was announced on 2nd February, 2007 and was finalized on 2nd April 2007. It is believed to be the second biggest Free Trade agreement by United States. South Korea is one of the largest exporters in auto market and also electronics market, so there is a lot of scope for Korean goods in United States. Now the ninety percent tariff would be eliminated on goods being imported from these countries. After Free Trade agreement they can easily export their goods in United States, which was a major concern of Koreans. They used to think that United States is taking more benefits from their country, as Korea is one of the biggest markets for US goods, so it was the reason that they consider economic ties between United States and Korea as unilateral instead of bilateral. The Free Trade Agreement or Treaty between United States and South Korea is beneficial and profitable for not only the governments who will definitely gain a lot of profit but mainly for the people of two countries, who will likely to be the major winners in this situation. They will have access to the new products on a reasonable price and also they will get new jobs, which is a result of new industries and investments. The trade relations between United States of America ... US helped in Korean independence and also played a major role in dividing two Koreas after World War II and like this two Koreas were formed, North Korea and South Korea. The relations between United States and South Korea are widespread from the beginning, since its independence in 1948. They shared great ties in political, economical and military grounds. US troops have been deployed in South Korea, as accordingly South Korea faces a serious military threat by its not-so-friendly neighbor, North Korea, but there comes a tragic incident of death of two girls by US troops in an accident during their training. The rage of nationalism hits South Korean at that point and now US is withdrawing its troops. Although they got internal pressure from their own country regarding this, as there are voices heard for that how economically expensive it is to deploy their troops in South Korea and that is also just for the threat by some other country. Although President Bush accused North Korea, along with Iran and Iraq as the "Axis of Evil", in his early days of president ship but now with the recent peace developments between North and South Korea, there is litt le need for US troops. The first reason for this is the insecurity felt by South Koreans regarding their trade relations with United States. South Korea is included in ten biggest markets of United States goods, which means that United States is earning a lot of revenue from South Korean market. But it is not the same with South Korea. They were not earning much from United States and this was what makes South Koreans insecure about this relationship. The analysts used to call it "unilateral relation"1. I think that with the background of this reason, it is the best that United States did.